10 



GENERAL ZOOLOGY 



indefinitely known from verbose Latin descriptions. This 

 great Swedish naturalist inaugurated our present binomial 

 nomenclature, giving to each species a scientific name con- 

 sisting of two words, the genus and species. He attempted 

 to describe and catalogue all species of plants and animals. 

 In the tenth edition of his great work, the Systema Naturae, 

 4236 species of animals were described. The general classi- 

 fication instituted by Linnaeus was not very satisfactory 



and has now been considerably 

 amplified. In his later life Lin- 

 naeus was a professor in the 

 University of Upsala and the 

 foremost figure in the zoological 

 world. His influence made 

 classification and naming new 

 species the most studied fields 

 of biology for some time after 

 his death. 



CUVIER (1769-1832) was an 

 eminent educator, being direc- 

 tor of the higher institutions of 

 learning under Napoleon Bona- 

 parte. Early in life he con- 

 ceived the idea of making a very comprehensive study of 

 comparative anatomy and was so successful that this sub- 

 ject became the leading field of zoology until the time of 

 Darwin. He also made very thorough studies of the anat- 

 omy of all the chief groups of animals which had existed 

 in bygone ages. Cuvier would not accept the idea of an 

 evolution of animals, but believed the earth had been re- 

 populated again and again after a series of "catastro- 

 phisms" which wiped out everything alive. 



DARWIN (1809-1882) was an Englishman who received 

 most of his zoological training during a five-year cruise as 

 naturalist on the ship Beagle, which made a voyage around 

 the world. After his return to England, he began with 

 great care to accumulate data for his theory of evolution. 



FIQ. 8. Cuvier. (From Locy, 

 Biology and Its Makers.} 



