6 GENERAL ZOOLOGY 



the past, as shown by fossil remains. Zoogeography, then, 

 has reference to space; Paleozoology, to time. 



Morphology is the science of structure. Anatomy deals 

 with dissection; embryology, with the changes which take 

 place as individuals develop to maturity; histology, with 

 minute anatomy or the study of tissues; pathology, with the 

 structure of diseased tissues; neurology, with the make up 

 of nerves; paleontology, with the characteristics of fossil 

 animals. 



Physiology treats of the functions of the parts of animals 

 i.e., how the structures which make up the mechanism of 

 any animal work. As under morphology there are a num- 

 ber of subdivisions: psychology is concerned with the work- 

 ing of the mind; psychiatry, with the operations of diseased 

 or abnormal minds. 



Ecology considers the relations of animals to their en- 

 vironment. Here would properly come such topics as the 

 relations of parasites to their hosts, colonial habits, the 

 denizens of particular habitats, etc. 



Evolutionary Zoology relates to the origin and descent of 

 species. Heredity is concerned with how characteristics 

 are transmitted from parent to offspring. Eugenics deals 

 particularly with heredity in man, with the aim of improv- 

 ing the human race. 



SHORT HISTORY OF ZOOLOGY 



If we are going to be zoologists, even in a small way, it is 

 fitting that we should know something about those who 

 have laid the foundations of our science. The following 

 ten names have, therefore, been selected to serve as " mile- 

 stones of zoological progress." 



ARISTOTLE, the " Father of Natural History," was a 

 Greek scholar who lived from 384 to 322 B.C. He wrote in 

 all about three hundred works on philosophy, metaphys- 

 ics, psychology, and rhetoric, but his most noteworthy 

 writings were in the field of natural history. His greatest 



