CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



I. INTRODUCTION 3 



II. BASIS FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF ANIMALS . . 15 



III. LIFE AND LIVING THINGS 25 



IV. CELLS 37 



V. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA, CLASS CRUSTACEA, LAW OF 



BIOGENESIS . 45 



VI. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA, CLASSES ONYCOPHORA, 



MYRIAPODA, INSECTA 63 



VII. ORDER ORTHOPTERA, THE RED-LEGGED LOCUST . 76 



VIII. THE RED-LEGGED LOCUST 84 



IX. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA, CLASS INSECTA .... 95 



X. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA, CLASS INSECTA ..... 106 



XI. PHYLUM ARTHROPODA, CLASS ARACHNID A . . .123 



XII. PHYLUM PROTOZOA 134 



XIII. THE ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE 

 METAZOA 147 



XIV. PHYLUM PORIFERA SPONGES 157 



XV. PHYLUM COELENTERATA; PHYLUM CTENOPHORA . 163 



XVI. PHYLUM PLATYHELMIA 174 



XVII. PHYLUM NEMATOIDEA; PHYLA: ROTIFERA, 



BRACHIOPODA, BRYOZOA 183 



XVIII. PHYLUM ECHINODERMATA . . . , 192 



XIX. PHYLUM ANNELIDA 203 



XX. PHYLUM MOLLUSCA . . . 213 



XXI. PHYLUM CHORDATA 224 



XXII. PHYLUM CHORDATA, CLASS PISCES 235 



XXIII. PHYLUM CHORDATA, CLASS AMPHIBIA 246 



XXIV. PHYLUM CHORDATA, CLASS REPTILIA 257 



XXV. PHYLUM CHORDATA, CLASS AVES 269 



XXVI. PHYLUM CHORDATA, CLASS MAMMALIA .... 286 



XXVII. MAN. SPECIAL FEATURES 297 



XXVIII. MAN. GENERAL FEATURES 311 



XXIX. ANIMALS OF THE PAST 327 



XXX. EVOLUTION AND HEREDITY 342 



INDEX 361 



vii 



