294 GENERAL ZOOLOGY 



is a wide space between the nostrils. The old world 

 monkeys (Cercopithecidce) as a rule have long tails which 

 are never prehensile; their buttocks are often covered with 

 thick callosities which are usually bright-colored; the 

 nostrils are close together. Many of these apes have cheek 

 pouches for carrying food. They are found in Africa and 

 Asia. 



The anthropoid, or man-like apes (Simiidce), spend most 

 of their time in trees, and do not walk on the palm of the 

 hand when on the ground like most monkeys, but stand 

 more or less erect on the hind legs or walk in a stooping 

 position resting partly on the backs of the hands. The 

 tail is absent and the arms are longer than the legs. There 

 are four genera of anthropoids which include the gibbons 

 (Hylobates), orang-utan (Pongo), gorilla (Gorilla), and 

 chimpanzee (Anthropopithecus) . The gibbous are about 

 three feet high and, though possessing very long arms, do 

 in? t assist themselves with the hands when walking. They 

 are found in Eastern Asia. The orang-utans live in Borneo 

 and Sumatra. They use the knuckles of the hands in 

 walking, and build platforms of sticks in trees. The gorilla 

 is a native of West Africa, where it lives in trees and feeds 

 chiefly on vegetation. It may reach a height of five and 

 a half feet and weigh five hundred pounds. The chim- 

 panzee lives in the same region but is smaller than the 

 gorilla. It is more like man than any other living mammal. 

 It is easily tamed, and has often been trained to perform 

 various simple tasks. 



The family Hominidce includes only one species, Homo 

 sapiens, or man. This is distinguished from other man- 

 like apes by the erect walk, power of articulate speech, and 

 marked ability to reason. There are three great races of 

 men: (1) the Negroid, with dark skin, curly hair, flat nose, 

 thick lips, prominent eyes, and large teeth; (2) the Mon- 

 golian, with black straight hair, yellowish skin, broad face 

 with prominent cheek bones, a small nose, sunken, narrow 

 eyes, and teeth of moderate size; and (3) the Caucasian, 



