MAN 321 



Thus mind and thought have in part been products of the 

 social medium. 



The daily association of man with man made possible the 

 many inventions and improvements in methods, tools, and 

 other accompaniments of social life. There was progress 

 from the use of rough stones, to the utilization and manu- 

 facture of chipped stones, polished stones, horn, bone, 

 bronze, iron, steel and other metals. Some accidental 

 burning of clay about a hearth perhaps led to the general 

 use of pottery. The difficult and uncertain capturing of 

 food through the chase gave place to the surer method of 

 rearing domestic animals. The keeping of flocks was accom- 

 panied and in part superseded by agriculture. As hands 

 became more skillful and minds more critical the manufac- 

 ture of merely utilitarian implements was not satisfying 

 objects were made more symmetrical^ embellished with 

 engraving, and finally art became an end in itself. By 

 conserving his resources and making his food supply sure 

 man gained some leisure, and this led to the invention of 

 games in order that he might share pleasant experiences and 

 secure training in company with his fellows. 



The collecting of groups of men for common interests and 

 the enjoyment of social relations led to a " consciousness of 

 kind. " Each group drifted into certain methods and habits 

 which became traditions for their children thus clans with 

 characteristic folk ways arose. Primitive races in all parts 

 of the world frequently adopt specific marks to indicate 

 their clan nose rings, ear rings, painting the body, filing 

 the teeth, flattening the head, etc. The fostering of clan 

 spirit led to greater affection among members of a group 

 and also brought about feelings of intolerance for other 

 groups. It was natural, then, that there should be different 

 dialects and customs. Certain laws were adopted by the 

 clan and racial traditions developed so that group loyalty 

 in time gave rise to patriotism. Group loyalty is strongest 

 in primitive people; the most enlightened are tolerant of 

 the idiosyncrasies of others. 



