PARTIAL HERMAPHRODITISM 139 



be called ' glandular partial hermaphrodites '. This Evidence 

 author records five cases of ovitestes occurring in pigs, reputed. 

 all of which he had himself examined. He states that 

 the condition is only known in that species among all 

 the orders of the lower mammals. Other authors, 

 however, have published accounts of this phenomenon 

 in moles and in other mammals. 



Pick also states that there had been four genuine 

 cases recorded in man up to the date of his paper. Of 

 those already mentioned apparently he admits only 

 the case of von Salen 1 , but he adds those of Simon 2 , 

 Uffreduzzi 3 , and Gudernatsch 4 . I have examined the 

 reports of these cases, and believe that only that of 

 Simon, in addition to von Salen's, could possibly be 

 accepted, and that this case is somewhat doubtful. 



I shall not discuss in detail the points for and against 

 these and the other reported cases. Enough has been 

 said to indicate the rarity of glandular partial herm- 

 aphroditism ; but attention must be called to the fact, 

 to which I shall again refer later, that in most of the 

 cases an ovitestis has been present. In Simon's case 

 the ovarian and testicular portions were separate. 

 Foster 5 has recently recorded a similar case, which, 

 however, cannot be accepted, as no histological details 

 are given. 6 



It is interesting from a critical point of view to 

 note that all the cases of ovitestis have had mostly 

 feminine secondary characteristics, while Simon's and 

 Foster's cases have been masculine. As we shall see, 



1 Salen, E. von, Verh. d. Deutsch. Path. Ges., 1899, vol. ii, p. 241. 



2 Simon, W., Virchow's Archiv., 1903, vol. clxxii, p. 1. 



3 Uffreduzzi, 0., Archiv. de Antrop. Crim., Torino, 1910, vol. xxxi, 

 p. 602. 



4 Gudernatsch, J. P., Amer. Journ. Anat., 1911, vol. xi, p. 267. 

 6 Foster, G. S., New York Med. Journ., 1914, vol. c, p. 560. 



6 Owing to the kindness of Dr. Foster I have, since this work first 

 went to press, had an opportunity of examining sections from this case. 

 In my opinion there is no real evidence that the so-called ' ovarian ■ 

 portion contains the essential elements of the ovary, The most that 

 can be said is that the arrangement of the connective tissue, of which it 

 is entirely composed, is somewhat similar to that seen in the ovary. 



