PARTIAL HERMAPHRODITISM 147 



development of a separate ovary and testis on the same Unilateral 

 side ; for it is extremely difficult to understand how aphroditism. 

 one part of the same genital cell mass could separate 

 itself from the other and develop into a testis, while 

 the remaining portion developed into an ovary. 



It would seem, therefore, almost inevitable that, The ovitestia 

 when there is dual characterization in the gonads, the m °g\tnd U iar 6 

 only possible combination must be a testicular central partial 

 portion surrounded by an ovarian, and that the pre- aphroditism. 

 dominating genital cells must be female rather than 

 male. If this be found not to hold good in any well- 

 investigated case, we shall have to revise our views 

 concerning the normal development of the gonads and 

 their sex-differentiation. It is important to observe, in 

 passing, that in some of those cases in which a testis or 

 a testicular rudiment has been found on the same side 

 but separated from the ovarian, as in Uffreduzzi's case, 

 no interstitial cells have been present. This alone is 

 enough to throw very grave doubt upon the true nature 

 of the supposed male elements in the gonad concerned. 

 In Simon's and Foster's cases the supposed ovarian 

 portion of the double gonad was not certainly ovarian. 

 These are, so far as I know, the only cases which at 

 all controvert the statements made, and this want of 

 conformity renders them doubtful. 



I would, therefore, lay down the following as essential Essential 

 conditions which must be established before any case can gSnduTar 

 be considered one of glandular partial hermaphroditism : P artial 



1. The hermaphroditic gonad must be an ovitestis, aphroditism. 

 composed of ovarian tissue with definite Graafian 

 follicles or primordial ova surrounding a central 

 portion containing seminal tubules and testicular 

 interstitial cells. 



2. The subject must show in the primary or secondary 

 characteristics, other than the sex-glands, evid- 

 ences of hermaphroditism. 



If these conditions be considered critical very few 

 cases, probably only three, including my own, would 

 pass the test. 



