152 THE SEX-COMPLEX 



Specification (fig. 48). These cells cannot, therefore, be accountable 

 partial" 1 ^ or tne secondary characteristics. Spermatogenesis, how- 



herm- ever, is not often present in the testes of partial tubular 



aphroditism. . , . , • ' « « -, i 



hermaphrodites, but it has occasionally been recorded. 



The gonads, therefore, especially in the absence of 

 active genital cells may be described as more or less 

 indifferent organs in the matter of sex-characterization. 

 It is probable that the other organs of internal secretion 

 must be admitted into the circle of primary character- 

 istics, and that they usually act in conjunction with the 

 functional gonad but often quite independently of it. 



It is, also, an almost incontestable fact that the mental 



attitude and instincts of a partial hermaphrodite accord 



with the predominating secondary characteristics. This 



was very obviously so in Russell Andrews' case, already 



described, in Turner's and Lapointe's case, and in many 



other recorded cases. It is not possible to ascribe these 



psychological attributes to education alone. 



importance Since, therefore, we can demonstrate the fact that 



touTmsembU the psychical and physical characters of sex are not 



in deciding necessarily dependent on the gonads, each case of 



herm- partial hermaphroditism should be considered as a 



ap ro i ism. w j 10 j e . y^ - g to s& y^ foe sex should be determined by 



the obvious predominance of characteristics, especially 

 the secondary, and not by non-functional gonads alone. 

 A few partial hermaphrodites have secondary character- 

 istics of the same sex as the gonad ; but that common 

 type of case in which the gonads alone, and then only 

 on histological examination, proclaim the state of 

 hermaphroditism should be considered on a separate 

 basis, and the sex-denomination should be adapted to 

 the peculiar circumstances, and to our modern knowledge 

 of the complexity of sex. It would be justifiable, too, 

 to undertake surgical procedures in these special cases in 

 order to establish more completely the dominant sex of 

 the individual, and the one which is most in accordance 

 with the social happiness of the person concerned. A 

 legal ruling on this matter of sex-denomination is 

 urgently required. 



