198 SIR WILLIAM FLOWER 



course of ages divaricated into three extreme types, represented 

 by the Caucasian of Europe, the Ethiopian of Africa, and the 

 Mongolian of Asia, and that all individuals of the species can 

 be arranged round these types, or somewhere in order between 

 them. 



The appeal which he made to travellers to 

 acquire material for the study of the natural history 

 of man carried far. 



Among others to whom he imparted his enthu- 

 siasm at a distance was Emin Pasha. Emin was 

 by instinct a naturalist and collector. Before the 

 fall of Khartoum he was in command of the W^adelai 

 province in Central Africa, with practically a free 

 hand to indulge these tastes as well as to govern 

 and collect revenue. Like Sir Harry Johnston 

 in Uganda, he also found himself in a peculiarly 

 favourable position for studying the primitive races 

 of Central Africa, and especially the branch of the 

 pigmy tribes called the Akkas. He had met these 

 pigmies living, and retained one as a servant. He 

 also watched the spots where they buried their dead, 

 and obtained two skeletons. In September 1887, 

 after the fall of Khartoum, English public opinion 

 was greatly agitated as to the fate of Emin Pasha 

 and his troops. It was expected that the Mahdi 

 would advance and crush him, while the increasing 

 hostility of the Zanzibar Arabs and slave-traders 

 made communication from the east coast very diffi- 

 cult. When, therefore, it was heard that a chest 

 had arrived from Emin at Zanzibar, and was on its 



