SECTION U.VERIFICA TION AND PROOF. 1 1 3 



on us unexpectedly. 5. Sounds have a strong pleasure-pain 

 quality, as music, rasping noise. 6. Loud sounds startle and 

 are painful. 7. Sounds stand first in order in regard to warmth 

 of feeling engendered. 8. Sound stands second in order, sight 

 being first, so far as gaining information is concerned. 9. With 

 the attention otherwise deeply engaged, ordinary sounds are 

 not heard. 



F. THE MOST SALIENT FACTS. 1. Auditory apparatus; 

 dependence on the occasional sensible action and vibration of 

 comparatively near objects, on a medium (commonly the atmo- 

 sphere) easily thrown into vibration by that action and also 

 easily disturbed, and on the vibrations of that medium reach- 

 ing the ears; ill-defined qualitative distinctions; lowness and 

 loudness, also representing remoteness and proximity, of sounds; 

 massiveness and fineness; together with "noise" and "har- 

 mony" (ambiguous terms !), J constitute the principal audile facts. 



2. Sounds can be imitated by gramophone, telephone, etc. 



3. Very faint noises furnish the nearest approach to feelings 

 or touch. - 



G. TENTATIVE GENERAL CONCLUSION. Sound sensations 

 are only classed separately from other sensations because of 

 the secondary circumstances enumerated above. 3 



Having somewhat fully discussed what is implied in the term 

 generalisation, we .may venture on an analysis of the process of 

 verification which properly concludes the process of generalising, 

 but is no less essential to observation and deduction. That 

 generalisations should be graded, comprehensive, important, 

 numerous, full, rational and relevant, original, automatically 

 initiated, and methodically extended, we shall learn from Con- 

 clusion 25. 



SECTION XIV. VERIFICATION AND PROOF. 



46. (A) Verification may be defined as the critical comparison 

 of an assertion with the data to which it is alleged to correspond, 



All that we have stated of the need of meticulous, minute, 

 and wide examination of facts holds with double force of veri- 



1 For a discussion of these two terms, see Carl Stumpf, Tonpsycholotfie, 

 vol. 2, 1890, 28. 



- So far as classes of facts are concerned. Bacon aimed in his tables at 

 complete enumeration, as niay be inferred from his enquiry into the nature 

 of heat and his essays on The Winds and on Life and Death. The list of 

 visual characteristics prepared by the author contains some three hundred 

 items. Only on the basis of such exhaustive analyses are we likely to 

 determine the fundamental peculiarities of sensations. Three centuries ago 

 Bacon stated that Music had received fair attention, but not Sound. In- 

 credible as it may appear, his dictum appears also to apply to to-day. 



;! Leading works on the subject of Sound are: H. Helmholtz, Die Lehre 

 von den Tonempfindungen, 1877; John Tyndall, Sound, 1893; and Lord 

 Rayleigh, Theory of Sound, 1902. An exhaustive work is Richard Klimpert, 

 Lehrbuch flcr Akustik, 4 vols., 1004-1907. 



8 



