SECTION 20.-STUDIES PREPARATORY TO ALL INVESTIGATIONS. 179 



selves or are explained later, it will suffice to submit them 

 without comment in this place. They are: 



C. Procedure Aspects of Phenomenon Investigated: 



1. Precise determination of the problem under investigation. (Conclu- 

 sion 14.) 



2. Accurate, minute, and, if possible, experimental examination, under 

 the most varied conditions of space, time, and other circumstances, and 

 immediate and scrupulous recording of results. (Conclusions 16, 18.) 



3. Alertness, in order not to miss obscure, unobtrusive, and exceptional 

 facts. (Conclusion 21.) 



4. Systematic exhaustion, plus simple case and testing of divisions. 

 (Conclusions 19, 20, 17.) 



5. Degree-determination and dialectics. (Conclusions 27, 28.) 



6. Luminous clearness and decided definiteness in thinking. (Conclu- 

 sion 15.) 



7. Graded, comprehensive, important, numerous, full, rational and 

 relevant, original, automatically initiated, and methodically developed 

 generalisations, deductions, and applications. (Conclusions 25, 31, 32.) 



8. Systematic verification, classification, balanced interim and final 

 statements, and lucid reports. (Conclusions 29, 33, 30, 34, 35.) 1 



1 Originally it was contemplated that the Primary Categories should be 

 followed by Secondary Categories which should offer a conspectus of the 

 methods to be applied in investigations. This intention was finally abandoned 

 because of the danger involved in abbreviated statements. However, it may 

 not be amiss to print the original draft in a footnote, if only because the draft 

 is suggestive and has been utilised here and there in this treatise. 



Secondary Categories. 



(a) PURPOSE. State what is the precise object of the enquiry, and roughly 

 define the meaning of this object and the chief terms employed. 



(b) EXISTENCE. Examine whether the alleged phenomenon exists at all 

 (e.g., men having tails), or whether its existence is relatively doubtful (e.g., 

 normal case) or relatively indubitable (e.g., human beings having eyes). 



(c) INDEPENDENCE. Examine whether the alleged phenomenon is wholly 

 or partly unique (e.g., elephant's trunk), or to what degree it may be part 

 of a more comprehensive phenomenon (e.g., the ethical term Ought), or 

 composed of various (e.g., popular conception of grass or of a cold) or varying 

 (e.g., law, religion, or living according to nature) phenomena, or entering 

 largely or otherwise into other or all phenomena (e.g.. human equation). 



(d) INTERRELATION. Examine the degree of the phenomenon's depend- 

 ence on preceding and co-existing, conditioning of co-existing and suc- 

 ceeding, or other relation to preceding, co-existing, and succeeding pheno- 

 mena of an identical or non-identical character (e.g., the digestive process). 



(e) EXTREMES. Examine the phenomenon, from its one or more minimal, 

 through its one or more perfect or normal, to its one or more maximal 

 stages, for the purpose of determining its various phases (e.g., history of 

 civilisation). 



(/) DEGREE. Examine whether differences of degree relating to any aspect 

 make any fundamental or what difference to the conception of the pheno- 

 menon and whether the phenomenon is related to other phenomena by a 

 chain of degrees (e.g., the evolution of species or of the solar system). 



(g) EXPERIMENT. Examine, by gradually eliminating and also adding, 

 one by one and also in groups and in differing quantities, the alleged static 

 and dynamic constituents of the phenomenon, in order to determine the 

 real constituents (e.g., in chemistry). 



12* 



