218 PART IV. PREPARATORY STAGE. 



Second Stage. Examination of Relevant Data. 1 



94. Having formulated our problem, we examine the re- 

 levant facts in order that we may be in a position to gene- 

 ralise. Here we are specially guided by Conclusions 19, 20 

 and 17, and bear in mind Conclusion 21. Conclusions 3 and 

 16 are, of course, utilised to the full. 



(a) TERMS. What do we roughly mean by "intellectual, 

 moral, and practical superiority"? What do we mean by 

 "race"? What do the terms "white" and "non-white" signify 

 to us? What do we mean by "greatly superior"? 



(b) EXISTENCE. Do races exist at all, or is their existence 

 relatively doubtful or relatively indubitable? 



(c) INDEPENDENCE. Is each nominal race wholly or partly 

 unique, or to what degree is it part of something larger, or 

 composed of various or varying races, or enters largely or 



.otherwise into the composition of the human race in general? 

 Or, Are races radically distinct, or, if not, to what degree do 

 they resemble each other? 



(d) INTERRELATION. Is each race culturally dependent, and 

 to what degree, on preceding and co-existing races? Does 

 each race constitute the cultural condition, and to what degree, 

 of co-existing and succeeding races? Or what other cultural 

 relation does it bear to preceding, co-existing, and succeeding 

 races ? 



(e) EXTREMES. What is the result of examining each civili- 

 sation from its one or more earliest, to its one or more later, 

 stages? Or, Have white people always been superior? If not, 

 for what period have they been superior, equal, or inferior to 

 non-whites? Which white and non-white peoples, and where 

 and when, were the first to be more or less highly civilised? 

 And how far have the earliest to latest white civilisations been 

 independent of or dependent on non-white civilisations, and 

 vice versa? 



(/) DEGREE. Do differences of degree relating to superior- 

 ity, race, or whiteness, make any fundamental or what differ- 

 ence to the conceptions underlying these terms, and are the 

 differences connected by a chain of degrees ? Or, Are all men 

 of one capacity, one race, and one colour, only differing, owing 

 to circumstances, in unimportant anatomical details, in being 

 lighter and darker, and in quantity of culture assimilated accord- 

 ing to opportunities? Or are the differences absolute and due 

 to heredity? In which case, what is the origin of the differ- 

 ences, and how far can they be deliberately produced? Or 

 are the differences relative and traceable to the environment? 

 In which case, what is the origin of the differences, and how 

 far can they be deliberately produced? 



1 See Conclusions 16-24. 



