SECTION 20. STUDIES PREPARATORY TO ALL INVESTIGATIONS. 223 



being when he is not, that he exercises control over himself 

 when he is really controlled by his impulses, that he is satis- 

 fying his true nature when he is not, and that he can rely on 

 his native capacity for guidance when this does not lift him 

 above the animal stage. (772) Innate appetites, instincts, feel- 

 ings, etc., are not distinctively human qualities, and are there- 

 fore excluded from our conception of man so far as cultured, 

 and, since man is indefinitely culturable (vide [rf]), it follows 

 that the enormous pressure of species-produced culture, when 

 concentrated, is capable of overcoming any resistance that 

 might conceivably be offered by man's sub-human nature. And, 

 (/?) the further humanising and socialising of man's nature, 

 consequent primarily on the growth of culture, with, later, the 

 aid of artificial biological selection, will lead to the educational 

 process meeting eventually with progressively fewer obstacles 

 and becoming therefore progressively less arduous. 



To summarise. Our interim statement involves that, since 

 culture is a progressive pan-human product, humanity is capable 

 of achieving in the course of the ages virtually everything, the 

 individual as such virtually nothing; and, accordingly, our theo- 

 retical aim is satisfied when we learn that all moral, intellectual, 

 and practical distinctions between peoples or persons are, for 

 all intents, due to specie-cultural, and not to inborn, causes. 



Sixth Stage. Practical Deductions. 1 



97. Our task is not complete, our truth is only a partial 

 one, until we have formulated the practical deductions suggested 

 by the interim statement. Some of these we shall now proceed 

 to enumerate. 



1. Society. The growth of species-determined culture pre- 

 supposes incessant contact and collaboration between indivi- 

 duals, and this involves increasingly co-operating and organised 

 societies, the process tending towards a universal civilisation 

 and a universal organised fellowship. The cardinal importance 

 of Societies is therefore self-evident, and anarchist and extreme 

 individualist theories are thereby disproved. 



2. Equality. The men and women in a community are, by 

 definition, capable of assimilating, in favourable circumstances, 

 the substance of any civilisation known to us. They should 

 all therefore have the opportunity of living a life commensurate 

 with their capacity of enjoyment and work. Consequently 



(a) All social, political, and other discriminations based on 

 family, on sex, on class, on caste, on nationality, or on race, 

 disregarding as they do the fact that man is first and foremost 

 a cultural being, should be abolished; 



1 See Conclusion 32. 



