226 PART IV PREPARATORY STAGE. 



nations and races, and liberal insurance against illness, incapa- 

 city, invalidity, unemployment, old age, and inadequate incomes ; 

 and 



(d) International co-operation is destined to play a notable 

 part in the future. This may express itself mainly in the 

 adoption of a universal form of speech, writing, and printed 

 characters, to promote and symbolise the unity of the race; 

 in the acceptance of universal measures, coins, post, telegraph, 

 scientific and economic terminologies and units, and rule of 

 conduct; in building roads, railways, canals, air-stations, etc., 

 to connect conveniently every part of the world ; in encourag- 

 ing international free-trade, institutions, organisations, and 

 bureaus; and in establishing an International Legislature, 

 Judiciary, and Administration to decide on justice, and to pro- 

 mote common action, between the nations of the world. 



(e) The most intimate form of co-operation should be offered 

 by the home, and should be exemplified therein. Here are 

 two individuals, almost infinitely alike and yet infinitely differ- 

 ent, who may strengthen themselves to an incalculable degree 

 by becoming one for life. Furthermore, they may devote them- 

 selves in common to the incomparable task of rearing worthy, 

 healthy, and happy offspring a task which only loving and 

 constant attention on the part of those most nearly concerned 

 can competently perform. 



6. Institutions. If science and co-operation are essentials, 

 the necessity of storing in some manner the accumulations of 

 the past becomes evident. Hence institutions and their equi- 

 valents are of inestimable value, among the most important of 

 which should be counted the institutions of Government, Law, 

 Marriage, Religion, Arms (in earlier stages), Seats of Learning 

 and Schools, Trades and Professions, Organisations for reform 

 and for industrial, charitable, recreative, medical, intellectual, 

 and other purposes, Libraries, Museums and Galleries, Sciences, 

 Arts and Crafts, Classics, Text-books, etc. Indeed, institutions, 

 or more or less fixed collective aids, are to social advance what 

 the family is to the perpetuation of the species, and the social 

 reformer should have therefore his energies directed first and 

 foremost to the improvement of institutions. 



7. Conservation and Conservatism. Since any one generation 

 can add but little to the accumulated treasures of the past, it 

 behoves us, almost above all things, to conserve the substance 

 of what has been transmitted to us by our ancestors, and not 

 to accede lightly to the suggestion of changing the present 

 order or wastefully exhausting the treasures of the earth or 

 of culture. 



8. Progress. However, since culture no more originates than 

 ceases with the day and since strict adherence to the principle 

 of conservatism would have kept man in the lowest savage 

 state, progress should be perennially aimed at in all depart- 



