SECTION 20. STUDIES PREPARATORY TO ALL INVESTIGATIONS. 227 



ments of life and thought and in all institutions. The past, 

 present, and future represent the one flowing and growing 

 stream of culture. 



9. Perfection. Since man ultimately seeks to do justice to 

 human nature as a whole, his aim is to accelerate the creation 

 of the complete or perfect man, the man in whom and, by 

 implication, the world in which is realised the perfect, i.e., 

 the good, the true, the hygienic, and the beautiful combined. 



10. Rules of Conduct and Action. Enlightened men and women 

 will necessarily manifest in all relationships of life a profound 

 fellow-feeling and self-reverence, guided by fullest information 

 and circumspect reasoning, accompanied by geniality and tact, 

 and intelligently realised by a strenuous and firm-bent will 

 which is inspired by the desire to serve the good of humanity. 



11. Supreme End and Sense of Oneness. Since the individual 

 is only fully himself when fully cultured intellectually, physi- 

 cally, morally, and aesthetically, his supreme end is to become 

 highly cultured, and, by implication, to promote the cause of 

 culture until the all-comprehensive ideal of goodness, truth, 

 radiant health, and beauty, is attained; and since, moreover, 

 culture is in its essence an expression of the whole of humanity 

 past and present, his inmost thought and being, when truly 

 himself, feels itself one with humanity and identifies itself 

 necessarily and passionately with the life and good of mankind. 



12. Fundamentals. All life, of whatever kind, seeks to 

 maintain, adapt, and expand itself, besides tending to develop 

 to higher forms. Accordingly, the prime object and test of 

 culture is harmoniously to maintain, perpetuate, adapt, expand, 

 and develop the life of humanity as a whole. It is true that 

 the fundamental needs of the higher animals are to be found in 

 man, but in man the manner of their satisfaction is determined 

 primarily by historically developed species-culture instead of 

 primarily by inherited predispositions and organs. 



Seventh Stage. Classification of Data. 1 



98. Note. The peoples and individuals of to-day differ conspicuously 

 in the stage of cultural development which they exhibit ; but this diversity 

 must be accidental, since, as recent educational experience and recent history 

 show, this stage is indefinitely raised and lowered by cultural circumstances. 

 It should be also noted in connection with the subjoined analysis that whilst 

 progress grows through the ages, it is not by any means unintermittent or 

 uniform in space. 



1. Family (from quasi- animal families without fixed abode, 

 through polygamy, polyandry, and other phases), to fully or- 

 ganised monogamic family with home for centre (relations be- 

 tween children, parents, and other kindred; courtship; finding 

 means of subsistence for family, etc.). 



1 See Conclusion 33. 



15* 



