SECTION 20.-STUDIES PREPARATORY TO ALL INVESTIGATIONS. 231 



ceived as follows: Man is the sentient being which primarily 

 depends on species-developed and environmentally preserved 

 culture for satisfying its needs; and since this is his leading 

 differentia, he must aim at making universally prevalent: the 

 highest degree of the good, the true, the hygienic, and the 

 beautiful, at treating all men as culturally equal by nature and 

 capable of the highest and best, and at transforming the whole 

 of mankind into an organic unity. 1 



Ninth Stage. Report: 2 



100. As pointed out in Conclusion 2, the object of the 

 investigation can only be said to be properly attained when it 

 is duly, clearly, and attractively reported on. For this reason, 

 careful attention should be paid to the report, and this we 

 assume to be accomplished in accordance with the suggestions 

 submitted in Conclusion 35. 



Having completed our enquiry, which was undertaken with 

 the object of ascertaining the comparative intellectual, moral, 

 and practical capacities of white and non-white races, we con- 

 clude that the cultural differences in races, nations, classes, 

 families, individuals, and sexes, are to be traced first and fore- 

 most to cultural causes, and that life should be organised on 

 this assumption. 



II. SECOND ILLUSTRATION. 3 



101. Consider a second example. We feel that our know- 

 ledge concerning our sensations is incomplete, and we desire 

 accordingly to inquire into the matter. Thinking the subject 

 over from the most comprehensive point of view after having 

 conducted a full and ample preliminary investigation, we ad- 

 vance the provisional and most convenient and obvious hypo- 

 thesis methodologically that fundamentally there exists but one 

 class of sensation. By casting our net so wide, we are pre- 

 pared for every contingency, though it generally appears, as 

 we proceed in an investigation, that our provisional hypothesis 

 needs to be radically modified. Every class of statement estab- 

 lished has, of course, its independent value, and we consult 

 naturally authoritative scientific works on the theme of our 

 enquiry. 



We commence with a somewhat exhaustive examination and 

 record of the normal features of each surmised class of sen- 

 sations (following more especially Conclusions 19, 20, and 3, 

 and 45), and are helped to augment the list by noting whether 



1 See Conclusion 34 for fuller statement concerning the distinctive nature 

 of man. 



2 See Conclusion 35. 



3 In this and the following illustrations, the course of investigation is 

 only roughly sketched. In practice the form proposed in the preceding 

 Illustration might be perhaps universally applied. 



