SECTION 21. PRECISE NA TURE OF PROBLEM TO BE INVESTIGA TED. 239 



source ; he will educate himself ; he will become an ardent 

 believer in the need and the potentialities of scientific organi- 

 sation and efficiency; he will be a brain worker as well as a 

 handworker, a tireless initiator and remodeller, ever aiming at 

 improving processes and products. The Capitalist will thus 

 evolve into an organiser with no superior controlling status, 

 and the Labourist will develop into an individual who, with 

 other individuals, appoints or dismisses the organiser, as share- 

 holders appoint or dismiss a board of directors, and who par- 

 ticipates to some extent in management. 



As thoroughly democratic governments evolve by degrees out 

 of irresponsible despotisms, so democratic control and manage- 

 ment of wealth will gradually succeed the present-day capitalist 

 control and management of wealth. Intelligently to apprehend 

 the meaning of the problem we are to investigate, is in this 

 case also virtually tantamount to succeeding in its solution. 



107. Again. Consider a cluster of problems arising out of 

 the World War. It has been argued that since a police force is 

 indispensable in intra-national affairs, therefore a police force is 

 also necessary in inter-national affairs. The case for an inter- 

 national army is thus, in nearly every one's opinion, regarded 

 as conclusively established, indeed so much so that doubt on 

 the point is regarded as a sign of sheer obstinacy. And yet, 

 is there a parity between a police force and an international 

 army? Visualise a London policeman on his beat, his only 

 weapon the truncheon, and his main duty to regulate the traffic, 

 prevent offences, and arrest flagrant offenders against the law. 

 Visualise now the so-called inter-national police, and you find 

 murderous instruments in profuse variety, and no intention 

 to be of use in peace or to arrest flagrant offenders against 

 the law and hail them before a magistrate. The contrast be- 

 tween the equipment and the duties of the intra-national and 

 the inter-national police force is so extreme as to verge on the 

 ludicrous. Manifestly, the connotation of the terms in the two 

 connections diverges radically, and we arrive therefore at the 

 conclusion that if the problem were properly posited, the com- 

 parison would be dismissed as fallacious. 



Moreover, are we justified in reasoning from individuals to 

 territorial groups, as is done in the last illustration? The 

 police proper is here or there in constant requisition. Are we 

 to imagine that the inter-national police, pursuing the analogy, 

 will be also here or there in constant requisition? Is it not 

 nlore correct to draw a crucial distinction between individuals 

 and territorial groups? Thinking of the last fifty years, and 

 leaving aside Ireland which has never been truly assimilated, 

 we find that of the thousands of territorial groups of the island 

 kingdom, probably not one has either entertained the idea of 

 attacking other territorial groups or been cowed into submission 

 by the national ''police" or army. In other words, the problem 



