266 PART V.-WORKING STAGE. 



and bath, cooking, etc.) and firewood; rates and taxes; trade 

 union, political, church, and charitable contributions; full in- 

 surance and provision against illness, industrial and other 

 accidents, invalidity, unemployment, strikes, lock-outs, child 

 birth, old age, death (most especially of breadwinner), fire, 

 flood, and. burglary; household medicines ; occasional days lost ; 

 regular and irregular fares (bicycle) and papers; smoking and 

 drinking; stationery, other writing adjuncts, and postage ; home 

 shaving and barber; teeth, eye, ear, nose, and throat specialists; 

 soap, soda, and other materials for cleansing, toilet, mending, 

 and boot polishing; matches; some laundry out; one person's 

 aid one day weekly; recreation (including club subscriptions, 

 cinema, theatre, music hall, concert, and statutory holidays and 

 vacations) ; buying, repairing, and replacing of furniture, orna- 

 ments, linen, crockery, glass, eating implements (forks, knives, and 

 spoons), kitchen utensils, fireplace accessories, and other house- 

 hold articles, as well as pocket articles (purse, penknife, pencil, 

 fountain pen, diary, note case, watch, spectacles, toothpick, nail 

 cleaner, mirror, comb) and repairs of household and personal 

 articles generally; moving; children's education, toys, and 

 sweetmeats; adult education (including also books and music); 

 cat or dog; hobbies and pets; birthday, Christmas, marriage, 

 and other festivals and presents ; flowers ; visiting and visitors ; 

 a certain wages percentage of savings; a minimum for extra 

 needs and luxuries; pocket expenses; and miscellaneous. 1 



128. (z) Prolonged and Continuous Observation, and 

 taking note of Proportion. Certain pills may exercise an 

 immediate desirable effect on the human system, but yet tend 

 to aggravate certain indispositions; physical exercise may, on 

 the other hand, at the commencement appear to prostrate the 

 body, while gradually steeling it; potatoes, again, may contain 

 a very small proportion of the anti-scorbutic factor, but the 

 considerable quantity ordinarily eaten, compensates for this; 

 and a certain treatment or neglect may only have visible con- 

 sequences weeks or months afterwards or at certain stages 

 of life. Similarly, the likelihood of the incessant forming and 

 unforming of habits needs to enter into all calculations re- 

 lating to character and conduct. For these varied reasons 

 distant effects should not be ignored. The prohibition of 

 monastic orders in France, for instance, created perplexing 

 problems in some of the countries to which the orders migrated, 

 and the establishment of a Bolshevist government in Russia 

 engendered an almost universal appetite and horror for Soviet 

 rule in the working and employing classes respectively. There 

 is also the profoundly important problem of desired, but still 

 unexperienced, pleasures which fascinate, and are apparently 



1 For a minimum quantity budget, see Royal Meeker, Monthly Labor 

 Review, Washington, June, 1920, pp. 1-18. 



