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PART V. WORKING STAGE. 



tibly modified to indicate certain differences in meaning, as in 

 love, loves, to love, loving, lovely, lovable, loveless, unloved, 

 beloved; 1 that words are doubled by prefixing or postfixing a 

 word to create an added meaning blackbird, black bird, house- 

 breaker, house breaker, the prefixes and postfixes frequently 

 losing their individuality and in their simplified form being 

 often employed to coin new words co-operation, co-education; 

 that the same word differently pronounced or accentuated has 

 sometimes a separate meaning allotted to it minute, retail; 

 that certain roots of words are fertile causes of new words, 

 as st: stable, stack, stall, stand, state, statics, stick, still, stock, 

 stone, etc.; that different parts of speech are freely formed 

 one from another bicycle, to bicycle; that names of persons 

 and places are framed from the names of objects or actions and 

 vice versa Stone, Taylor, mackintosh, boycott; that natural 

 sounds are imitated doves coo and crows caw, or to take a 

 striking series bash, clash, crash, dash, flash, gash, gnash, 

 hash, lash, slash, mash, smash, splash, quash, squash, rash, 

 thrash, trdsh,; that reasons of delicacy and temperamental 

 causes generally are productive of new meanings deranged, 

 demented, insane, neurasthenic, mentally disordered for mad, 

 or all right, quite right, quite all right for right; or compare 

 the original and modern meanings of pagan, knave, urbane, 

 silly; that certain forms and modes of combination are pre- 

 ferred efflux for exflux; the day before yesterday for foreyester- 

 day, that perfunctoriness and indolence impose heavy burdens 

 on frequently used words, such as have or get; that aversion 

 to repetition encourages diversity of expression in contiguous 

 passages prodigious, colossal, immense, huge, gigantic, stupen- 

 dous. Following the simplest case, we gain in this manner 

 considerable insight into the process by which a vocabulary 

 of, say, a few hundred words becomes transmuted into a 

 language boasting, perhaps, a few hundred thousand words 

 expressing several hundred thousand meanings and capable of 

 indefinite expansion. 



The following are among prefixes employed in English: a, a, ab, ad, 

 after, alter, ambi, ana, ante, anti, arch, auto, back, be, bene, bi, bio, bis, 

 bi, circum, con, contra, counter, de, demi, dia, dis, dys, en, enter, epi, 

 equi, eu, ex, extra, for, fore, hemi, here, homo, hydro, hyper, hypo, in, 

 in, inter, infra, intro, juxta, long, mal, meta, mis, mono, multi, non, ob, off, 

 out, over, pan, per, peri, poly, post, pre, pro, re, retro, se, semi, short, 

 sine, sub, super, sur, syn, tele, there, trans, un, ultra, un under, uni, 

 vice, with; and these prefixes may be compounded as in in-de-com-pos- 



1 Here is a longer list credible, credibly, credibility; incredible, incredibly, 

 incredibility; (to) credit, credited, crediting, credit, creditor; (to) discredit, 

 hscrediting, discredited; creditable, creditably, creditableness; discreditable, 

 iscreditably, discreditableness; credulous, credulously, credulousness, credu- 

 lity; incredulous, incredulously, incredulousness, incredulity; accredit, ac- 

 credited, accrediting; credence, credential; credo, creed; credal, credally, 

 creedlet. 



