368 PART V WORKING STAGE. 



the allaying or removal are subsequent, therefore the exciting 

 or depressing nervous disturbance, it seems, must be the pain, 

 provided no factor or effect has been overlooked. Granting 

 (c) to be a justifiable assumption, which is problematical, 1 we 

 then marshal connectedly the most important apposite facts 

 as required by the table of Primary Categories, including, e.g., 

 the special facts relating to the universality, calculability, vari- 

 ability, degree, recollection, influence, fear, defiance, suppres- 

 sibility or otherwise, of physical and other pain. If we then 

 strictly, circumscribed or fused pain and pleasure, demonstrated 

 the relation in which the two stand to each other, and their 

 relation to other main facts of mind, including preferably their 

 relation to action and reflection generally, our task would be 

 truly concluded. Nothing less than a systematic approach to 

 such a balanced conclusion, expressed in a tersely worded defini- 

 tion where the central facts are all in the focus and are arranged 

 in an intrinsically articulated manner, should receive scientific 

 sanction. An interim statement of this character forms alone 

 a fit introduction to, and basis for, the process of systematic 

 deduction, a process which completes the process of generali- 

 sation, as it is itself completed by the process of application. 

 Having methodically ascertained all the features common to 

 every form and degree of the phenomenon investigated and 

 traceable in no other phenomenon (e.g., heat as a deter- 

 minate mode of motion), we ought to proceed methodically to 

 the last, but not the least, important step. This is to sum up 

 the inductive part of the investigation in a crisp and comprehen- 

 sive interim statement. Such a plan is easier conceived than 

 executed, and it is probably owing to this fact that here, as in 

 most other methodological directions, any kind of prolix, and 

 usually incomplete and imperfect, statement is preferred. If, 

 however, we consider the permanent and conspicuous advantage 

 of a fully adequate statement, the widely prevalent unmethod- 

 ical procedure to-day should no longer commend itself to circum- 

 spect thinkers. Moreover, since theoretical and practical de- 

 ductions might be necessary, such a form of statement is of 

 inestimable value and should be unconditionally demanded, if 

 for no other reason. The mathematical formulae and definitions, 

 so common in scientific work, are an excellent illustration of 

 the almost infinite superiority of strict definition over casual 

 summaries. How far definition and definiteness should be 

 resorted to beyond the purpose contemplated in the present 

 Conclusion, we shall see below. The question of a balanced 

 final statement, which also comprises the results of deduction 

 and application, will be dealt with in Conclusion 34. 



1 In the lowliest forms of life repulsion and attraction are probably 

 automatic. In somewhat higher forms they are automatic, instinctive, fre- 

 quently accompanied by feeling, and modified by habit. In man they are 

 further affected by will, reflections and sentiments. 



