424 



INDEX OF SUBJECTS. 



, 80,82; prescientific and scienti- 

 fic observation, 80-81 ; scientific 

 an extension of scientific observa- 

 tion, 80-81 ; s regarding the men- 

 tality of animals, 82-83; direct s, 

 and s generally, not always prac- 

 ticable, favourable conditions for , 

 limitations of al method, 84; ob- 

 servation, and experience histori- 

 cally considered, 85 ; al acquisition 

 of scientific procedure, 199; na- 

 ture's , 279; improving the me- 

 mory ally, 282-283; experimentum 

 crucis, 297; Mendel's s, 307; un- 

 equivocal s, 348. 



Experts, 96; responsible for veri- 

 fying theories they adopt, 122, 159, 

 255; and bureaucrats, 332. 



Fact, definition of, 56, 210, 245,411; 

 multiplicity of s, 265 ; exhausting 

 classes of , 317; scope of , 326; 

 when is explained, 365. 



Fallacies, art of detecting, 39. 



Faraday, on avoiding repetition, 259. 



Fatigue, 140, 205-207, 208, 209, 359, 

 361. 



Forgetfulness, cause according to 

 Freud, 158. 



Freud, S., his theory of sex-pre- 

 dominance, 158-159; part played 

 by sex in normal life, 159 ; position 

 of semi-conscious thought in nor- 

 mal life, and origin of 's theory, 

 159. 



Gas light. Introduction of, 7. 



Generalisation, 25-26, 27, 44, 51, 52, 

 58, 88, 118, 150, 161, 326-342, 364, 

 366, 411; J. S. Mill on approximate 

 s, 19; and convention, 20; in 

 children, 23 ; to generalise is a matter 

 of mental economy, 25; unrestrained 

 generalising, relation of sifted facts 

 to s, 29; exceptions to s, 40; 

 scientists both observe and gene- 

 ralise, 52 ; relative scope of and 

 observation, 61; s should be 

 grounded on exhaustively studied 

 data, 78, 79 ; far-reaching antecedents 

 should be sought, 88 ; larger s 

 grow out of smaller ones, 94; habit 

 of generalising, 97; examples of 

 systematic , 97, 100; economisa- 

 tion underlies , causes of econo- 

 misation, 98; definition of , 99, 

 245; succeeds observation, 99; 

 the nature of the "general", no- 

 thing "necessary" as a rule about 

 the fact and scope of , 99-102; 

 preferability of term extension to 

 term , 100; tendency of a popular 

 - to be widely extended, 100-101; 



examples of casual s, 101 ; 

 frequently inappropriate, 102; a 

 capricious habit now, 102; uni- 

 versalised speech, 102-103; con- 

 tradictory and rash s, 103-104; 

 tendency to fix limits, training 

 encourages wary, yet bold , 104 ; 

 we are mainly modifying existing 

 s, 104-105; simple, compound, 

 and universal s, 105; science not 

 only concerned with general facts, 

 105 ; position of complete or perfect 

 inductions, 106-109; great body of 

 fact as basis for a , example, 109- 

 113; s should be graded, etc., 113; 

 verification is promoted by lucidly 

 expressed s, 115; experimental 

 method of learning to generalise, 

 199-200; concrete example of , 

 220; definition of class, 245; con- 

 centration in , 326; graded s, 

 326-328; s must be based on 

 ample data, 326; example of graded 

 generalising, 327-328; comprehen- 

 sive s. 329-332; disadvantages of 

 fractional s, 330; wide s, 330- 

 331 ; important s, 332-334; leading 

 problems awaiting solution, 332- 

 333; numerous s, 334; full s, 

 334-335; example of full , 335; 

 rational and relevant , 335-336; 

 original s, and rules for promot- 

 ing originality, 336; automatically 

 initiated and methodically deve- 

 loped s, 336-342; examples given, 

 340-342; postponing large - s, 342- 

 343; s remain hypotheses until 

 verified, 363; and deduction, 

 369-371; meaning of , 411. 



Genius, 53, individual contributions 

 of men of , 1; great men as 

 summarise.rs, 3; methodological 

 status of the average man of the 

 distant future, 20, 33, 153, 414; 

 individuals never far in advance 

 of contemporaries, 30; the man of 

 , his dependence and his limita- 

 tions, 36-37; Mill on superior minds, 

 52; Newton and the gravitation 

 hypothesis, 94 ; individual scarcely 

 more than a mirror of his age, 174; 

 the bases of Darwin's theory, 

 182-184; individual's investigation 

 has only contributory value, 189; 

 social advance should depend on 

 the many rather than on the few, 

 224; super-men and super-civilisa- 

 tion, 277; apparent inferiority of 

 African Negro, 278; some diffi- 

 culties in the theory, 287-288. 



Geography, 21, 84, 106, 295, 297, 382. 



