i6o 



NORMAL HISTOLOGY. 



the pyloric and the fundus glands are intermingled. Passing towards the 

 intestine, the transition of the pyloric glands into those of the duodenum is 

 gradual, the gastric tubules sinking through the muscularis mucosae until, 

 as the duodenal glands, they occupy the submucosa. \s 



The cardiac glands form a narrow annular group, some 5 mm. in 

 width, surrounding the orifice of the oesophagus. According to the char- 

 acter of their cells, which resemble the chief cells of the gastric tubules, 



Orifice of glands 

 Mucous coat 

 Pyloric glands 



Muscularis 

 mucosae 



Submucous coat 



Circular muscle 



Longitudinal 

 muscle 



FIG. 199. Transverse section of human stomach, pyloric end ; a ruga is cut across, showing the mucosa 

 supported by core of submucous tissue. X 18. 



with a few parietal cells, the cardiac glands may be regarded as modified 

 fundus tubules; their mucus reactions and repeatedly branched condition, 

 however, suggest similarity to the pyloric glands. Their excretory crypts 

 often exhibit ampullary enlargements. Among the more distinctive cardiac 

 tubules are usually a few shorter ones which recall the intestinal crypts of 

 Lieberkiihn. 



The submucous coat consists of loose fibro-elastic connective tissue 

 and allows the mucous membrane to move freely on the muscular coat. In 

 the more permanent rugae, the submucous tissue forms the core of the 

 elevation. The submucosa contains blood-vessels of considerable size, a 

 meshwork of lymphatics and the nerve-plexus of Meissner, as well as 

 occasional groups of fat-cells. 



