GLASGOW TO CAPELLIE. !7 



the rack is empty or full; and the ventilators are 

 remarkably simple. Every three yards along the 

 ridge the roof is cut out. and one of them is in-^ 

 serted^ rising two feet in the air with openings on the 

 two opposite sides, protected from rain and snow by 

 boards which overhang at an angle of 45 degrees. 

 It is divided in the middle within by a thin board 

 which descends six inches lower than the line of the 

 ridge, and a horizontal board is fixed three inches 

 below like a tray, to spread the descending air, and 

 intercept it from falling directly on the cattle. Ac- 

 cording to the direction from which it blows, the 

 wind enters at one side or the other, strikes the in- 

 ternal dividing-board, and descends, thus supplying 

 fresh air, and pressing — one might say pumping — the 

 used or heated air np the other or sheltered side 

 of the dividing-board into the outer air. Mr. A. 

 Graham considers it most efiicacious against smells or 

 draughts, or, as he puts it in his terse way, "no cough 

 heard in the stable, no pleuro-pneumonia seen in the 

 byre.^^ The thrashing of cereals, the cutting of hay 

 and straw, and the sawing of wood, are all done by 

 water power, which is supplied by a long canal acrosti 

 a hill-side, fed by the drainage of some hundreds of 

 acres. His irrigated meadows yield from three to 

 five tons of hay per acre to one cutting ; and when 

 not cut a second time, they are pastured without in- 

 jury, as the land has been thoroughly drained, and 

 is perfectly firm. 



Amid all his improvements and experiments at 



2 c 



