Branch III.-CARPOPHYTA. 



Multicellular plants; plant-body, for the most part, a parenchymatous ti 

 gate, with or without chlorophyll; vegetative cells typically unmodified, cylindrical, or 

 hexagonal; reproduction sexual and asexual; asexual reproduction in the chlorophyll 

 series chiefly by means of tetraspores, in the hysterophytic series by means of stylo 

 chlamydosporos, and conidia proper; sexual reproduction by means of carpogones and 

 antherids, resulting in the formation of a sporocarp. 



Chiefly marine holophytes, or terrestrial hysterophytes. Plant body an andiffer 

 entiated aggregate of parenchyma-cells, forming a tissue mass, exoepl in the /■ 

 iaceae, Charophyceae and the unicellular Saccharomycetes. Chlorophyll La absent in 

 most of the orders. When present, it is often more or less masked by other substances, 

 as the red and purple coloring matters of the Rhodophyceae and the lime incrustation "f 

 the Charophyceae. Asexual reproduction is typical of but two classes, Ascomyc* b 

 Rhodophyceae. In the former, it results by means of conidia. stylospores, and, more 

 rarely, by chlamydosporos; in the latter uniformly by means of tetraspores. The fertili 

 z ation of the carpogone by the contents of the antherid, typically through the medium of 

 a trichogyne, produces a so-called sporocarp, which is characterist io of the branch In t be 

 Charophyceae, however, the fertilization does not result in the formation of a Bporocarp, 

 In the hysterophytes, moreover, sexuality decreases with the distance from the point of 

 derivation of the group until it finally disappears, but at the same time without aoorres 

 ponding modification in the production of the sporocarp. 



The relationships of the carpophytes are varied, and their inter-relations son* 

 obscure. Through the holophytic series they connect in a nearly straight line, the Phyo 

 ophytes with the Bryophytes, notwithstanding the evident break at the beginning of the 

 series. On the other hand the hysterophytic series, which ends blin Uj at the apj 

 probably falls into two natural divisions, one of which, represented by the Aaco 

 and Basidiomycetes, has perhaps had its origin in or near the P< ronotporaceae, while the 

 other represented by the Laboulbeniaceae, etc., lias its derivation and relationship "till 

 involved in great obscurity. 



Class III— COLEOCHAETEAE. 



Small green plants growing attached to submerged stem- an 1 leaves; thallus oom 

 posed of branched rows of cells more or less united laterally into a flat, irregular or eir 

 cular disk. Reproduction by sexually produced oarpospores and asexual swarm-spores 

 (zoogonidia). 



The terminal cell of a branch which is to produce a oarpospore swells, and the upper 

 portion elongates into a narrow tubular process (triohogyne) which open* at the top 

 At the same time antherids develop from oertain cells as small flask shape I outgrowths, 

 usually three or four from a cell. Each antherid thus formed outs off from the 

 mother-cell by a transverse wall, and the contents form a single biolliate anthei 

 which escapes and finds its way to the female oell, probably through the triohogyne 

 After fertilization, the female cell forms a wall around itself Inside the old oell wall, and 

 the whole becomes enveloped by a coating of cells which grows up from below, thus 

 formiug a sporocarp with a siuglo carpospore. 



