PREPARATION OF LAND 



proved by loosening the subsoil, none of which, 

 however, should be brought to the surface. As a 

 rule, subsoiling should be done during the autumn, 

 and it is accomplished by following in the furrow 



FIG. 2 HEAVY SUBSOIL PLOW FOR LOOSENING CLAY SUBSOILS 



behind the turning plow with a regular subsoiler 

 of the type shown in Fig. 2. Subsoiling should be 

 repeated every three or four years but each time 

 in a different direction. 



Breaking and Pulverizing Land. If marsh land 

 breaks up lumpy or in turf, it will be necessary to 

 cut it thoroughly, in at least two directions, by 

 means of a disk or cutting harrow. After cutting 

 the land a spring tooth harrow will be found ser- 

 viceable for working over the soil and collecting 

 any roots or other trash that may have been loos- 

 ened by the disk. Where the land remains lumpy 

 after cutting with the disk harrow a sectional 

 roller of the type shown in Fig. 3 will prove effi- 

 cient. This tool has the advantage over the old 



