Compound Celluloses 199 



4'4 p.ct., and is used in the proportion of 5-7 parts to i part of 

 wood. In the digestion, the temperature is gradually raised to 

 1 60 C. 



The particular specimen of * waste liquor' (1*055 s P-g r -) 

 used in the above researches contained 9-5 p.ct. of ' total 

 solids in solution' (dried at 100), of which 0*58 p.ct. wasCaO. 

 The solution has a pale brownish-yellow colour, and reduces 

 Fehling's solution strongly. 



A systematic examination for the presence of carbohydrates 

 of low molecular weight and known constitution gave for the 

 most part negative results as follows : 



(a) On boiling with HC1 (16 p.ct on the solution) after 

 evaporation to a suitable volume, traces only of levulinic acid 

 were obtained ; showing the general absence of such carbo- 

 hydrates. (Annalen, 243, 333 ; Berl. Ber. 22, 370.) 



(b) On oxidation with nitric acid no saccharic acid was 

 formed, showing the absence of dextrose or dextrose-yielding 

 compounds. (Annalen, 249, 222.) 



(c) On oxidation with nitric acid, traces of mucic acid were 

 obtained, showing the presence of galactose (or galactan) in 

 small proportion. (Annalen, 232, 186, 205.) 



(d) The solution was acidified with sulphuric acid, boiled 

 some time, neutralised (CaCO 3 ), filtered, evaporated to a 

 syrup, and boiled with strong alcohol. The clear solution was 

 poured off, the alcohol evaporated, and the resulting syrup 

 mixed with phenylhydrazine acetate. An insoluble hydra- 

 zone was obtained, which proved to be mannose hydrazone. 

 An approximate estimate of the quantity showed o*5~o'8 

 p.ct. on the solution, i.e. about 6-7 p.ct. of the 'organic 

 solids.' 



(e) On c distillation ' with hydrochloric acid, furfural was 

 formed in some quantity. After precipitation of the bulk of 

 the organic substances in solution with lead oxide, a solution 



