THE FIRST VOLUME. 



xiii 



/85 



The description of it by Fa Hian 

 Carriages and Horses . . . 495 

 Horses imported from Persia . . 495 

 Furniture of the houses . . . 496 

 Form of Government. Kevenue . 497 

 The Army and Navv . . . 498 

 Mode of recruiting " . . . . 499 



Arms. Bows 499 



Singular mode of drawing the bow 



with the foot . . . (note) 499 

 Civil Justice 500 



CHAP. IX. 



SCIENCES. 



Education and schools . 



501 

 502 

 503 

 504 

 504 

 505 



Logic 



Astronomy and astrology . 



Medicine and surgery . 



King Buddha-dasa a physician 



Botany . . . " . 



(Geometry ...... 505 



Lightning conductors . . . 506 

 Notice of a remarkable passage in the 

 Mahawanso ..... 507 



CHAP. X. 



SINGHALESE LITERATURE. 



The Pali language . . . .512 

 The temples the depositaries of 



learning ..... 512 

 Historiographers employed by the 



kings ..."... 512 

 Ola books, how prepared . .513 

 A stile, and the mode of writing 



with it ..... 513 

 Books on plates of metal (note) 513 

 Differences between Elu and Sing- 



halese ...... 513 



Pali works : 



Grammar ..... 514 



Hardy's list of Singhalese books 



(note) 515 



Pali books all written in verse . 615 

 The Pittakas ..... 515 



The Jatahas resemble the Talmud 516 

 Pali literature generally . .516 

 The Milinda-prasna . . . 516 

 Pali historical books and their cha- 



racter ..... 517 

 The Mahawanso .... 517 

 Scriptural coincidences in Pali 



books .... (note) 518 



Page 



Sanskrit works : 



Principally on science and medi- 

 cine 520 



Elu and Singhalese works : 

 Low tone of the popular literature 520 

 Chiefly ballads and metrical essays 521 

 Exempt from licentiousness . . 521 

 Sacred poems in honour of Hindu 



gods 521 



General literature of the people . 522 



CHAP. XI. 



BUDDHISM AND DEMON -WORSHIP. 



Buddhism as it exists in Ceylon . 523 

 Which was the more ancient, Brah- 



manism or Buddhism . . . 523 

 Various authorities . . (note) 523 

 Buddhism, its extreme antiquit}' . 524 

 Its prodigious influence . . . 524 

 Sought to be identified with the 



Druids .... (note) 524 

 Buddhism an agent of civilisation . 525 

 Its features in Ceylon . . . 526 

 The various forms elsewhere . . 527 

 Points that distinguish it from Brah- 



manism ...... 528 



Buddhist theory of human perfection 528 

 Its treatment of caste . . .530 

 Its respect for other religions . . 530 

 Anecdote, illustrative of . (note) 530 



Its cosmogony 531 



Its doctrine of " necessity " . . . 532 

 Transmigration ..... 533 

 Illustration from Lucan . (note) 533 

 The priesthood and its attributes . 534 

 Buddhist morals .... 534 

 Prohibition to take life . . . 53 1 

 Form of worship .... 535 

 Brahmanical corruptions . . . 536 

 Failure of Buddhism as a sustaining 



faith 537 



Its moral influence over the people . 538 



Demon-worship 539 



Trees dedicated to demons (note) 540 

 Devil priests and their orgies . . 541 

 Ascendency of these superstitions . 542 

 Buddhism as an obstacle to Chris- 

 tianity 543 



Difficulties presented by the morals 



of Buddhism 544 



Prohibition against taking away 



life (note) 544 



PART V. 



MEDIEVAL HISTORY. 



CHAPTER I. 



CEYLON AS KNOWN TO THE GREEKS 

 AND ROMANS. 



First heard of by the companions of 

 Alexander the Great . . .549 



Various ancient names of Ceylon 



(note) 549 

 Early doubts whether it was an island 



or a continent .... 550 

 Mentioned by Aristotle . . . 550 



