Xll 



CONTENTS OF 



Page 

 Vessels with two prows mentioned by 



Strabo 444 



Foreign trade spoken of B.C. 204 . 444 

 Internal traffic in the ancient city of 



Ceylon 445 



Merchants traversing the island . 445 

 Early exports from Ceylon, gems, 



pearls, &c 445 



The imports, chiefly manufactures . 446 

 Horses and carriages imported from 



India 447 



Cloth, silk, &c., brought from Persia 447 

 Kashmir, intercourse with . . . 447 

 Edrisi's account of Ceylon trade in 



the twelfth century . . .448 



CHAP. IV. 



MANUFACTURES. 



Silk not produced in Ceylon . . 450 

 Coir and cordage .... 450 

 Dress ; unshaped robes . . . 450 

 Manual and Mechanical Arts Weav- 

 ing 451 



Priest's robes spun, woven, and dved 



in a day 452 



Peculiar mode of cutting out a priest's 



robe 452 



Bleaching and dyeing . . . 452 

 Earliest artisans, immigrants . . 452 

 Handicrafts looked down on . . 453 



Pottery 453 



Glass 454 



Glass mirrors 454 



leather 454 



Wood carving 454 



Chemical Arts Sugar . . . 455 

 Mineral paints 455 



CHAP. V. 



WORKING IN METALS. 



Early knowledge of the use of iron . 457 



Steel 457 



Copper and its uses .... 457 

 Bells, bronze, lead . . . .458 



Gold and silver 458 



Plate and silver ware . . , 458 

 Red coral found at Galle . (note) 459 

 Jewelry and mounted gems . . 459 



Gilding. Coin 460 



Coins mentioned in the Mahawanso n. 460 

 Meaning of the term " raassa" (note) 4GO 

 Coins of Lokiswaira . . . .461 

 General device of Singhalese coins . 461 

 Indian coinage of Prakrama Bahu . 462 

 Fish-hook money .... 463 



CHAP. VI. 



ENGINEERING. 



Engineering taught by the Brah- 



mans 454 



Rude methods of labour . . . 404 

 Military engineering unknown . .' 465 

 Early attempts at fortification . . 465 

 Fortified rock of Sigiri . . .405 



Forests, their real security 

 Thorns planted as defences 

 Bridges and ferries 



Page 



. 468 

 . 469 



. 466 

 . 460 



Method of tying cut stone in forming 

 tanks 467 



Tank sluices 457 



Defective construction of these reser- 

 voirs 467 



The art of engineering lost . . 468 



The " Giants' Tank" a failure 



An aqueduct formed, A. D. 66 



CHAP. VII. 



THE FINE ARTS. 



Music, its early cultivation . . 470 

 Harsh character of Singhalese 



music 470 



Tom-toms, their variety and anti- 



q uit y 471 



Singhalese gamut .... 472 

 Painting. Imagination discouraged . 472 

 Similarity of Singhalese toEgyptian 



art 47-2 



Rigid rules for religious design . 473 

 Similar trammels on art in Modern 



Greece . . . (note) 473 



And in Italy in the 15th century (n.) 474 



Celebrated Singhalese painters . 475 



Sculpture. Statues of Buddha . . 475 



Built statues 477 



Painted statues .... 477 

 Statues formed of gems . . . 477 

 Ivory and sandal-wood carved . 477 

 Architecture, its ruins exclusively re- 

 ligious 478 



Domestic architecture mean at all 



times 478 



Stone quarried by wedges . . 478 

 Immense slabs thus prepared . 479 

 Columns at Anarajapoora . .479 

 Materials for building . . . 479 

 Mode of constructing a dagoba . 480 

 Enormous dimensions of these 



structures 480 



Monasteries and wiharas . . 481 



Palaces 482 



Carvings in stone .... 483 

 Ubiquity of the honours shown to 



goose 484 



Delicate outline of Singhalese carv- 

 ings 488 



Temples and their decorations . 488 

 Cave temples of Ceylon . . . 489 

 The Alu-wihara .... 489 

 Moulding in plaster . . . 489 

 Claim of the Singhalese to the in- 

 vention of oil painting . .490 

 Lacquer ware of the present day . 490 

 Honey-suckle ornament . . . 491 



CHAP. VIII. 



SOCIAL LIFE. 



Ancient cities and their organisation 493 

 ublic buildings, hospitals, shops . 493 



Anarajapoora, as it appeared in 7th 

 century . . .493 



