THE FIRST VOLUME. 



XI 



CHAP. XII. 



FATE OF THE SINGHALESE MONARCHY. 



ARRIVAL OF THE PORTUGUESE. 

 A.D. 1505. 



Page 

 Prakrama Bahu, the last powerful 



king 411 



Anarchy follows on his decease . . 411 

 A.D. 1197. The Queen Leela-Wattee 412 

 A.D. 1211. Beturn of the Malabar 



invaders ..... 412 

 The Malabars establish themselves at 

 Jaffna . *_ . . . .413 



! Page 



Early history of Jaffna . . . 413 

 A.D. 1235. The new capital at Dain- 



bedenia 413 



Extending ruin of Ceylon . .414 

 Kandy founded as a new capital . 41 4 

 Successive removals of the seat of 

 Government to Yapahoo, Korne- 

 galle, Gampola, Kandy, and Cotta 415 

 Ascendancy of the Malabars . .415 

 A.D. 1410. The King of Ceylon car- 

 ried captive to China . . . 416 

 Ceylon tributary to China . . .417 

 Arrival .of the Portuguese in Ceylon . 418 



PART IV. 



SCIENCES AND SOCIAL AKTS. 



CHAPTER I. 



POPULATION, CASTE, SLAVERY, AND 

 RAJA -KARIYA. 



Population encouraged by the fertility 

 of Ceylon 421 



Evidence of its former extent in the 

 ruins of the tanks and canals . . 422 



Means by which the population was 

 preserved 423 



Causes of its dispersion the ruin of 

 the tanks 424 



Domestic life similar to that of the 

 Hindus 425 



Eespect shown to females . . . 425 



Caste perpetuated in defiance of reli- 

 gious prohibition .... 425 



Particulars in which caste in Ceylon 

 differs from caste in India . . 425 



Slavery, borrowed from Hindustan . 425 



Compulsory labour or " Raja-kariya '' 4*26 



Mode of enforcing it . . . .427 



CHAP. II. 



AGRICULTURE, IRRIGATION, CATTLE, AND 

 CROPS. 



Agriculture unknown before the ar- 

 rival of Wijayo . . . .429 



Kice was imported into Ceylon in the 

 second century B.C. . . . 429 



The practice of irrigation due to the 

 Hindu kings 430 



Who taught the science of irriga- 

 tion to the Singhalese . (note) 430 



The first tank constructed B.C. 504 . 431 



Gardens and fruit-trees first planted 432 



Value of artificial irrigation in the 

 north of Ceylon .... 432 



In tl.e south of the island the rains 

 sustain cultivation . . . 432 



Two harvests in the year in the south 



of Ceylon 432 



In the north, where rains are uncer- 

 tain, tanks indispensable . . 432 

 Irrigation the occupation of kings . 434 

 The municipal village-system of cul- 

 tivation 434 



"Assoedamising " of rice lands in the 



mountains 434 



Temple villages and their tenure . 434 

 Farm-stock buffaloes and cows . . 435 

 A Singhalese garden described . . 435 

 Coco-nut palm rarely mentioned in 



early writings .... 436 

 Doubt whether it be indigenous to 



Ceylon 436 



The Mango and other fruits . . 437 

 Rice and curry mentioned in the 



second century B.C. . . . 437 

 Animal food used by the early Sin- 

 ghalese 438 



Betel, antiquity of the custom of 



chewing it 438 



Intoxicating liquors known at an 

 early period 439 



CHAP. III. 



KARLY COMMERCE, SHIPPING, AND PRO- 

 DUCTIONS. 



Trade entirely in the hands of stran- 

 gers 440 



Native shipping unconnected with 

 commerce 440 



Same indifference to trade prevails at 

 this day 441 



Singhalese boats all copied from fo- 

 reign models 442 



All sewn together and without iron . 442 



Romance of the " Loadstone Island ' 443 



The legend believed by Greeks and 

 the Chinese . . 443 



