VI 



CONTENTS OF 



Page 



July and August, September, October, 

 November. N.E. monsoon . . 63 



December 64 



Annual quantity of rain in Ceylon 



and Hindustan . . . (note) 65 

 Opposite climates of the same moun- 

 tain ... . 66 

 Climate of GaUe . . 67 

 Kandy and its climate . . . 87 

 Mists and hail .. . . 69 

 Climate of Trincomalie (text and note) 70 

 Jaffna and its climate . .71 

 Waterspouts . . 72 



Anthelia 73 



Buddha rays 73 



Ceylon as a sanatarium. Neuera-ellia 74 



Health 75 



Malaria . 75 



Food and wine . . .76, 77 

 Effects of the climate of Ceylon on 



disease 79 



Precautions for health . . 80 



CHAP. III. 



VEGETATION. TEEE3 AND PLANTS. 



The Flora of Ceylon imperfectly 



known 83 



Vegetation similar to that of India 



and the Eastern Archipelago . . 84 

 Trees of the sea-horde. Mangroves. 



Screw-pines, Sonneratia . . 85 

 The Northern Plains. Euphorbias 



Cassia. Mustard-tree of Scripture 87 

 Western coast. Luxurious vegeta- 

 tion 87 



Eastern coast 88 



Pitcher plant. Orchids ... 88 



Vines 89 



Botany of the Mountains. Iron-wood, 



Bamboo, European fruit-trees. 90 

 Tea-plant Rhododendron Miche- 



Ua 90 



Rapid disappearance of dead trees 



in the forests . . . .91 

 Trees with natural buttresses ! 91 



Page 



Flowering Trees. Coral tree . . 92 

 The Murutu Imbul Cotton tree 



Champac ..... 93 

 The Upas Tree Poisons of Ceylon 95 



The Banyan 95 



The Sacred Bo-tree . . . 97 

 The India-Rubber tree The Snake- 

 tree 98 



Kumbuk-tree: lime in its bark . 99 

 Curious Seeds. The Dorian, Sterculia 



fcetida .... 99, 100 

 The Sea Pomegranate . . . 100 

 Strychnos, curious belief as to its 



poison . . . 101 



Euphorbia The Cow-tree, error re- 

 garding . . . (note) 101 

 Climbing plants, epiphytes, and flow- 

 ering creepers .... 102 

 Orchids. Brilliant terrestrial orchid, 

 the Wanna -raja. Square- stemmed 



Vine 103 



Gigantic climbing Plants . . . 104 

 Enormous bean .... 105 

 Bontluc seeds. Eatans Eatan 



bridges 106 



Thorny Trees. Raised as a natural 



fortification by the Kandyans . 107 

 The buffalo thorn, Acacia tomen- 

 tosa . . . . . . 108 



Palms 109 



Coco-nut Talipat . . . .110 



Palmyra Ill 



Jaggery Palm Areca Palm . 112 

 Betel-chewing, its theory and uses . 112 



Pingos 114 



Timber Trees 115 



Jakwood Del Teak . . .116 



Suria 117 



Cabinet Woods. Satin-wood Ebony 



Cadooberia . . . .117 

 Calamander, its rarity and beauty 118 



Tamarind 119 



Fruit-trees 119 



Remarkable power of trees to gene- 

 rate cold and keep their fruit chill 121 

 Aquatic Plants Lotus, red and blue 123 

 Desmanthus natans, an aquatic sen- 

 sitive plant 123 



PART II. 

 ZOOLOGY. 



CHAPTER I. 



MAMMALIA. 



Neglect of Zoology in Ceylon . 

 Monkeys . 



Wanderoo . . \ 



Error regarding the Silenus Ve-' 



. (note) 129 

 . 130 



127 



129 



"* 



Presbytes Cephalo'pteriis 



P. Ursinus in the Hills . .131 



P. Thersites in the Wanny . .132 

 P. Priamus, Jaffna and Trincomalie 132 

 Iso dead monkey ever found . . 133 



' oris 133 



. 135 

 . 135 



J lying fox 

 Horse-shoe bat 

 Cfirnir.ora. Bears 

 Their ferocity 



137 

 138 



