68 JUDGING FARM ANIMALS 



distance the form should appear in good proportions, no 

 one part being over or under developed. As the draft 

 horse is bred for power, he should possess a marked de- 

 velopment of short rather than long muscle, especially in 

 the neck, over the back, loins and croup, and on the legs 

 above knee and hock. If his frame is large enough, is well 

 balanced, and strongly muscled, he will furnish the require- 

 ments necessary for a true draft horse. The term "blocky," 

 as often applied to the draft horse, means that his form is 

 compact, that is broad, deep and short, rather than too 

 long, showing a comparatively square and heavy form from 

 which great power might be expected. 



Substance in the horse refers to the amount and charac- 

 ter of the material of which the animal form is composed. 

 This especially applies in this case to size or scale. If we 

 compare two horses of the same type and general character 

 in which one exhibits a more desirable weight and heavi- 

 ness of outline than the other, with larger joints and bones 

 in the legs, we say this stronger bodied animal shows the 

 more substance of the two. It is quite common to refer to 

 the substance as shown in the size of bone. A horse with 

 too small a bone, as shown in the cannon, would be lacking 

 in substance. Therefore it is highly important to possess 

 substance without attaining any excess of development or 

 coarseness. If it could be measured in units of the same 

 class, that substance would be most desirable which indi- 

 cated the greatest degree of strength. Substance should 

 always be associated with quality, for substance without 

 quality would indicate weakness rather than strength 

 whether applied to muscle or bone. Therefore, in judging 

 the draft horse we emphasize substance as of great im- 

 portance. 



Quality in the horse is manifested especially in the bone, 

 tendons, skin and hair, as well as in the general confor- 

 mation. Quality relates to the cellular structure of the 

 bone, flesh and hair, as well as to the finish or perfection 

 of the animal in part or whole. Quality is intended to 



