JUDGING FARM ANIMALS 



Fig. 43. "As viewed from one side the hoofs 

 should present an angle of about 50 degrees 

 from coronet to toe." 



away, and had its proper con- 

 tact with the pavement. The 

 bars of the foot, which, brace- 

 like, serve to keep the heel 

 well spread, should extend 

 from the corners of the heel, 

 and lie parallel with the frog, 

 in well developed ridges. 

 The hoof that lacks bars often- 

 times shows a narrow or con- 

 tracted heel. The bars should 

 never be cut away by the 

 smith. The horn of which 

 the hoof is composed, should 

 be very hard and free from 

 all seams or cracks. The hoof 

 consists of a multitude of 

 horny cells, closely packed 

 together, and its character 

 largely depends on local con- 

 ditions of keep. Referring 



cepting to trim 

 away loose fibers 

 and keep it in as 

 natural condition 

 as possible. In the 

 days when the 

 Paris Omnibus 

 Company kept from 

 12,000 to 15,000 

 horses in their 

 stables, the horses 

 as a rule wore flat 

 shoes and especial 

 care was taken by 

 the management to 

 see that the frog 

 was not pared 



Fig. 44. "A flat foot lacks the 

 desired arch." 



