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JUDGING FARM ANIMALS 



The liver of the ox weighs from ten to twelve pounds, 

 and lies on the right side, being partly covered by the 

 lung. The liver extends diagonally from near the lower 

 end of the sixth rib, to and beyond the thirteenth rib just 

 below the spinal column. 



The kidneys of the ox weigh twenty to twenty-five 

 ounces. These are located just below the vertebrae at the 

 loin. Sisson states 5 that "in the young calf the kidneys 

 are symmetrically placed, but with the development of the 

 stomach, when the rumen is full, it pushes the left kidney 

 backward to a position on the right side, behind and at a. 



Fig. 118. The viscera .of the ox in position on the right side of the body. 

 (By courtesy of Dr. S. Sisson, from The Anatomy of the Domestic Animals.) 



lower level than the right kidney. The kidneys have 

 about twenty lobes on the outer surface, and the space 

 between these ordinarily fills with fat. 



The stomach of the ox is composed of four parts, the 

 rumen or paunch, the reticulum or honeycomb, the omasum 

 or manyplies, and the abomasum or true stomach. This 

 whole organ occupies nearly three-fourths of the abdominal 

 cavity. The capacity depends on the size of the animal, 

 but Sisson gives thirty to forty gallons as the capacity of 



6 Anatomy of Domestic Animals, 1914, p. 565. 



