CHAPTER XXVII. 



JUDGING DAIRY TYPE BULLS AND 

 YOUNG CATTLE. 



(A) DAIRY TYPE BULLS. 



Sex character in the dairy bull, as in the beef type, is 

 especially noticeable in head, neck and shoulders, and in 

 the temperament. The lack of flesh, however, gives a leaner, 

 sharper definition of the head, and less thick, though perhaps 

 a longer neck ; and a more or less bare and prominent shoul- 

 der. The neck of the mature bull should show considerable 

 crest and muscular development, the dairy bull often carry- 

 ing his masculine character to an extreme. The shoulders 

 should not show the refinement of the cow, but should be 

 heavier, with wider withers and more smoothness over the 

 top. Roughness of shoulder is often seen in dairy bulls, 

 which is emphasized by the lack of flesh. The temperament 

 is also an evidence of sex character, as seen in the activity 

 of disposition, with a tendency to nervousness and self- 

 assertion far more marked than with beef bulls. The dis- 

 position is often ugly after reaching maturity, so that great 

 care needs to be taken in handling males. The rudimentary 

 teats are special sex characters of the bull. These are lo- 

 cated, two on a side, just in front of the scrotum. These 

 teats vary much in length and position, and when well de- 

 veloped a slight amount of milky fluid may be squeezed 

 from them. They may be an inch in length, or scarcely 

 more than fleshy scars. Years ago long rudimentaries were 

 regarded as indicating that a bull would sire daughters that 

 should have good-sized teats, associated with strong milk- 

 giving properties. That theory seems to have been gen- 

 erally exploded, and, for want of a better one, it has been 



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