DAIHY TYPK IH'U.S AND VOINO CATT1.K ;;i<j 



largely flu- production of well-shaped udders in Ihe result- 

 ing heifers, and counteract the tendency to ill-shaped udders 

 inherited from dams deficient in this respect." The veins 

 of the bull are also evidences of sex character. These are 

 small, are usually two in number, and extend along on 1he 

 belly, covering much the same relative location as on the 

 cow, and disappear through openings in the belly wall. 

 Judges usually examine the veins and wells on. the bull, 

 and regard them as giving evidence of dairy character. 

 Such veins are also to be seen on bulls of the beef type. 

 Constitutional vigor in the dairy bull should have special 

 emphasis. This will be indicated by the depth of chest, 

 rather than thickness, with the foreribs well arched below. 

 The squareness and fullness of front of the beef bull should 

 not occur with the dairy type. However, a close placing 

 of the front legs, with the knees nearly together, indicates 

 undesirable narrowness of the floor of the chest. If the 

 front flank is deep and full, the legs will stand wide enough 

 apart. An active, alert carriage of head and neck, promi- 

 nent eye, a strong muzzle, a widely developed forehead, a 

 capacious middle, and mellow, elastic skin, are other im- 

 portant evidences of constitutional vigor the judges should 

 emphasize. 



Size with the dairy bull varies considerably with the 

 breed. Medium size meets with most favor. Size or weight 

 should not be secured by a fleshy condition, which is dis- 

 tinctly objectionable. In judging, large size, when free 

 from coarseness, should meet with favor as compared with 

 small size, even though characterized by good form and 

 quality. 



The general form of the dairy bull is shown in length, 

 depth and angularity, rather than in a short, thick, smooth 

 form. As one views him from one side, he appears com- 

 paratively long of outline, especially in neck and body, with 

 appreciable depth of rib. From in front the withers and 

 chine or top of front ribs appear narrow. From the rear 

 the hips should not appear too wide apart, though with a 



