100 JUDGING CATTLE 



dairy prepotency, but we would prefer to breed to a rather sluggish 

 appearing bull with first-class rudimentaries than to a stylish one 

 with badly placed rudimentaries. 



RUDIMENTARY TEATS. 



We consider that a well balanced and well shaped udder in the 

 cow is largely due to the way the rudimentary teats are placed on the 

 sire. If they are crowded close together the result is likely to be 

 narrow, pointed udders. If they are placed well apart, of good size, 

 and well forward of the scrotum, the effect, we think, will be to 

 influence largely the production of well shaped udders in the result- 

 ing heifers and counteract the tendency to ill shaped udders inher- 

 itable from dams deficient in this respect. We believe the future 

 excellence of the Guernsey cow will be greatly aided by close atten- 

 tion on the part of her breeders to this point. 



RED POLLED CATTLE 



DESCRIPTION OF STANDARD AND SCALE OF POINTS FOR RED POLLED CATTLE 



Scurs, or any evidence whatever of a hcrny growth on the head. J% 

 Any white spots on body above lower line or brush of tail. 



COLOR Any shade of red. The switch of tail and udder may be white, o 

 with some white running forward to the naval. Nose of a clear P- 

 flesh color. Interior of ears should be of a yellowish, waxy color. . 2 

 OBJECTIONS An extreme dark, or an extreme light red is not 

 desirable. A cloudy nose or one with dark spots. 



HEAD Of medium length, wide between the eyes, sloping gradually 

 from above eyes to poll. The poll well defined and prominent, with 

 a sharp dip behind it in center of head. Ears of medium size and 

 well carried. Eyes prominent ; face well dished between the eyes. 



Muzzle wide with large nostrils 6 



OBJECTIONS A rounding or flat appearance of the poll. Head 

 too long and narrow. 



NECK Of medium length, clean cut, and straight from head to top of 

 shoulder with inclination to arch when fattened, and may show 

 folds of loose skin underneath when in milking form 3 



SHOULDER Of medium thickness and smoothly laid, coming up level 



with line of back 6 



OBJECTIONS Shoulder too prominent, giving the appearance of 

 weakness in heart girth. Shoulder protruding above line of 

 back. 



CHEST Broad and deep, insuring constitution. Brisket prominent and 



coming well forward ] 



BACK AND RIBS Back medium long, straight and level from withers 

 to the setting on of tail ; moderately wide, with spring of ribs start- 

 ing from the back bone, giving a rounding appearance, with ribs 



flat and fairly wide apart 14 



OBJECTIONS Front ribs too straight, causing depression back of 

 shoulders. Drop in back or loin below the top line. 



HIPS Wide, rounding over the hooks, and well covered 3 



QUARTERS Of good length, full, rounding, and level ; thighs wide, 



roomy, and not too meaty 6 



OBJECTIONS Prominent hooks, sunken quarters. 



TAIL Tail head strong and setting well forward, long and tapering to 



a full switch 2 



LEGS Short, straight, squarely placed, medium bone 3 



OBJECTIONS Hocks crooked, legs placed too close together. 



FORE-UDDER Full and flexible, reaching well forward, extending 



down level with hind-udder 10 



