OFFICIAL, STANDARDS OF EXCELLENCE FOR SWINE 159 



DESCRIPTION OF BERKSHIRE ARRANGED BY THE NATIONAL 

 ASSOCIATION OF EXPERT JUDGES OF SWINE, 1897. 



DISQUALIFICATIONS. 



Form. Very large and heavy or drooping ears; small, cramped 

 chest, crease back of shoulders and over tne back so as to 

 cause a depression in back easily noticed, deformed or crooked 

 legs, feet broken down, so that the animal walks on pastern 

 joints. 



Size. Overgrown, gangling, narrow, contracted or not two- 

 thirds large enough for age. 



Condition. Barrenness, deformed, seriously diseased, total 

 blindness from any cause. 



Score. Les than sixty points. 



Pedigree. Not eligible to record. 



DETAILED DESCRIPTION. 



1. Head and Face. Head short, broad, coming well forward 

 at poll, face short and fine and well dished, broad between the 

 eyes tapering from eyes to point of nose, surface even and regu- 

 lar. 



Objections. Head long, narrow and coarse, forehead low and 

 narrow, jaws narrow or contracted, lower jaws extending be- 

 yond upper; face long, straight between the eyes; nose coarse, 

 thick or crooked, or ridgy. 



2. Eyes. Very clear, rather large, dark, hazel or gray. 



Objections. Small, dull, bloodshot, deep set or obscure, vision 

 impaired by wrinkles, fat or other cause. 



3. Ears. Generally almost erect, but sometimes inclined for- 

 ward with, advancing age, medium size, thin and soft. 



Objections. Large, coarse, thick, round or drooping, long or 

 large knu,ck, difference in form, size or positron one with the 

 other, animal unable to control tneir position. 



4. Neck. Full, deep, short and slightly arched, broad on top, 

 well connected with shoulder. 



Objections. Long, flat, lacking in fullness and depth. 



5. Jowl. Full, firm and neat, carrying fullness back to shoul- 

 der and brisket. 



Objections^ Light, flabby, thin, tucked up or wrinkled. 



6. Shoulder. Broad, deep and full, not extended above line 

 of back and being as wide on top as back, carrying size down 

 to line of belly and having lateral width. 



Objections. Lacking in depth or width, thick beyond the line 

 of sides and hams or extending above line of back, heavy shields 

 on hogs under eighteen months of age. 



7. Chest. Large, wide deep and roomy, full girth, breast 

 bone curving well forward, extending back on level, not tucked 

 up, broad between fore legs. 



Objections. Flat, narrow at top or bottom, small girth, lack- 

 ing depth or fullness, breast bone crooked or tucked up. 



8. Back. Broad and straight, carrying same width from 

 shoulder to ham, surface even and smooth without creases or 

 projections and not too long. 



Objections. Narrow, swayed or hollow, dropping below a 

 straight line. 



