A HISTORY OF SHORTHORNS IN KANSAS 163 



America some years ago meant an animal de- 

 scended in the maternal as well as the paternal 

 line from a cow bred in Scotland. As interpreted 

 now it seems to me it means one descended in the 

 maternal line from a Scotch bred cow or from a 

 cow imported from Great Britain, provided the 

 imported cow appears within five or six crosses 

 from the top. It is also a provision of the accept- 

 ance of such pedigrees as Scotch that the bulls 

 used in the crosses above the imported cow come 

 within this Scotch classification or that any de- 

 viation from such classification be not easily dis- 

 covered. 



A Scotch topped Shorthorn exists only in the 

 United States and possibly in Canada. Its pedi- 

 gree shows an animal whose maternal ancestors 

 were bred in America and that generally has 

 from two to eight crosses of Scotch bulls at the 

 top of the pedigree. The imported cow came 

 from England to the United States in most cases 

 prior to 1880 instead of going first to Scotland 

 and then to the United States or coming from 

 England in the last ten or twenty years. It is 

 hard to lay down a rule which will allow the 

 average man to tell with any certainty in which 

 classification the pedigree belongs, even if he 

 had a list of all the imported cows so that he 

 could tell at a glance whether the imported cow 

 came from Great Britain and when she came 

 over. There still remains the uncertainty as to 



