

LITTORINADJE. 119 



FAMILY VIII. LITTOEINAD^E. 



Shell spiral, snail-like, never pearly ; aperture 

 rounded ; entire ; operculum horny, few-whorled. 

 Animal with a thick muzzle, eyes, and tentacles ; 

 gill-plume single ; tongue long, with a central 

 series of broad, hooked teeth, and three oblong, 

 hooked spines on each side; sides plain; foot 

 grooved at the sides. 



Littorina (Ferussac). Winkle. Shell thick, 

 pointed, few-whorled ; outer lip sharp ; pillar flat- 

 tened, not perforated. 



L. fabalis. L. palliata. 

 littoralis. patula. 



littorea. Fig. 177 ; n. s. rudis. 



neritoides. saxatilis. 



tenebrosa. 



177 



181 



Lacuna (Turton). Shell thin ; aperture crescent- 

 shaped ; an umbilical fissure. 



L. crassior. L. puteolus. 



pallidula. vincta. Fig. 178 ; n. s. 



