CEPHALOPODA. 69 



The shell of the living decapods is either a horny "pen" (gladius) or a 

 calcarious "bone" (sepion)-, not attached to the animal by muscles, but so 

 loose as to fall out when the cyst which contains it is opened. In the genus 

 spirula, it is a delicate spiral tube, divided into air-chambers by a series of 

 partitions (septa}. In the fossil genus spirulirostra, a similar shell forms the 

 apex of a cuttle-bone ; in the fossil conoleuthis a chambered shell is combined 

 with a pen ; and the belemnite unites all these modifications. 



The decapods chiefly frequent the open sea, appearing periodically like 

 fishes, in great shoals, on the coasts and banks. (Owen, D'Orb.) 



FAMILY III. TEUTHID2E. CALAMAKIES, OR SQUIDS. 

 Body, elongated ; fins short, broad, and mostly terminal. 

 Shell, (gladius or pen) horny, consisting of three parts, a shaft, and two 

 lateral expansions or wings. 



Sub-family A. Myopsida, D'Orb. Eyes covered by the skin. 



LOLIGO. (Pliny) Lamarck. Calamary. 



Syn., teuthis (Aristotle) Gray. 



Type, L. vulgaris (sepia loligo L.) Fig. 1. PI. I., fig. 6 (pen). 



fen, lanceolate, with the shaft produced in front ; it is multiplied by age, 

 several being found packed closely, one behind another, in old specimens. 

 (Owen. ) 



Body tapering behind, much elongated in the males. Tins terminal, 

 united, rhombic. Mantle supported by a cervical ridge, and by two grooves 

 in the base of the funnel. Suckers in two rows, with horny, dentated hoops. 

 Tentacular club with four rows of suckers. Length (excluding tentacles) 

 from 3 inches to 2| feet. 



The calamaries are good swimmers ; they also crawl, head-downwards, on 

 their oral disk. The common species is used for bait, by fishermen, on the 

 Cornish coast (Couch). Shells have been found in its stomach, and more 

 rarely sea-weed (Dr. Johnston). Their egg-clusters have been estimated to 

 contain nearly 40,000 eggs (Bohadsch). 



Distr., 21 sp. in all seas. Norway New Zealand. 



Sub-genus. Teudopsis, Deslongchamps, ]835. 

 Etym., teuthis, a calamary and opsis like. 

 Type, T. Bunellii, Desl. 



Pen, like loligo, but dilated and spatulate behind. 

 Fossil, 5 sp. Upper Lias, France, and Wurtemberg. 



GONATUS, Gray. 



Animal an&pen like loligo in most respects. Arms with 4 series of cups,, 

 tentacular club with numerous small cups, and a single large sessile cup 

 armed with a hook ; funnel valveless. 



