GASTEROPODA . 109 



Listr., 8 sp. Northern seas. U. States, Greenland, Melville Island, Beh- 

 ring's Straits, N. Brit. 15 80 fms. 



Fossil, 1 sp. Miocene . Brit. 



PYRULA, Lam. Tig-shell. 



Etym., diminutive of pyrus, a pear. 



Syn., Ficula, Sw. Sycotypus, Br.,Cassidula, Humph. Cochlidium, Gray. 



Type, P. ficus. (PI. V., fig. 6.) 



Shell pear-shaped ; spire short ; outer lip thin ; columella smooth : canal 

 long, open. No operculum in the typical species. 



Distr., 39 sp. W. Indies, Ceylon, Australia, China, W. America. 



Fossil, 30 sp. Neocomian . Europe, India. Chile. 



Pyrula ficus has a broad foot, truncated and horned in front ; the mantle 

 forms lohes on the sides, which nearly meet over the hack of the shell. 

 Chinese seas, in 17 35 fms. water. (Adams.) 



Sub-genera. Fulgur, Montf. P. perversa. (= Pyrella, Sw. P. spirillus.) 



Rapana, Schum. P. bezoar, shell perforated. Operc. lamellar, nu- 

 cleus external. 



Myristica. Sw. P. melongena. PI. V., fig. 7. Operc. pointed, curved. 

 Fusus, Lam. Spindle-shell. 



Syn., Colus, Humph. Leiotomus, Sw. Strepsidura, Sw. 



Type, F. colus. PI. V., fig. 8. 



Shell fusiform ; spire many-whirled ; canal straight, long ; operculum 

 ovate, curved, nucleus apical. PI. V., fig. 9*. 



Distr., 100 sp. World-wide. The typical sp. are sub-tropical. Aus- 

 tralia, New Zealand, China, Senegal, U. States, W. America, Pacific. 



Fossil, 320 sp. Bath oolite ? Gault Eocene . Brit. &c. 



Sub-genera, Trophon, Montf. F. magellanicus, PI. IV., fig. 16. 14 sp. 

 Antarctic and Northern seas. Brit, coast. 5 70 fathoms. Fossil, Chile, 

 Brit. 



Clavella, Sw. (cyrtulus, Hinds) body- whirl ventricose, suddenly con- 

 tracted in front ; canal long and straight. Resembling a turbinella, without 

 plaits. 2 sp. Marquesas, Panama. Fossil, Eocene. F. longsevus (Solander), 

 Barton, &c. 



Chrysodomus, Sw. F. antiquus (var.) PI. V., fig. 9. Canal short ; apex 

 papillary; lingual dentition like buccinum, 12 sp. Spitzbergen, Davis's 

 Straits, Brit., Medit., Kamschatka, Oregon. Low water to 100 fms. Fossil, 

 pliocene. Brit., Sicily. 



Pusionella, Gray. F. pusio, L. sp. (=F. nifat, Lam.), columella keeled. 

 Operc., nucleus internal, 7 sp. Africa, India. Fossil, tertiary. France, 



Fusus colosseus and proboscidalis, Lam., are two of the largest living 

 gasteropoda. Fusus (chrysodomus] antiquus, called the red-whelk on the 

 coasts of the channel, and " Buckie" in Scotland, is extensively dredged for 



