DIGESTIVE GLANDS. 



223 



shaped receptacle for the retention of bile, and has a 

 fundus, body, and neck. It is usually about three 

 inches in length and one to one and one-quarter 

 inches in diameter with a normal capacity of one to 

 one and one-half fluidounces. Structurally it has 

 an outer coat of perito- 

 neum, a middle coat 

 of connective -tissue 

 elements, with a liberal 

 mixture of smooth 

 muscle fibers, and an 

 inner coat of mucous 

 membrane raised into 

 folds and covered with 

 simple columnar epi- 

 thelium. 



The cystic duct begins 

 at the neck of the gall 

 bladder and extends 

 downward to its junc- 

 tion with the hepatic 

 duct, with which it 



Fig. 1 68. Portion of gall bladder 

 and bile ducts: i, Cavity of gall 

 bladder; 2, cavity of calyx; 3, groove 

 separating the calyx from the bladder; 

 4, promontory; 5, superior valve of 

 calyx: 6, cystic canal; 7, common 

 bile duct; 8, hepatic duct (Testut). 



forms an acute angle. 



It takes an irregular 



course and is from one 



and one-quarter to one 



and one-half inches 



long; therefore longer 



than the hepatic duct, but only about one-half its 



diameter. 



Liver Lobules. These are minute units of the liver 

 about the size of a pinhead. They are cylindrical 



