-^ USES OF PLANTS BY INDIANS [eth. ann. 33 



tlu- place ,.f interment, voung men, friends of the family of the de- 

 .•oased, appeared at the lodpe to accompany the funeral party to the 

 pnive. They made parallel gashes in the skin of the forearm, and 

 lifting tlie skin between these gashes, they thrust in the stems of 

 willow twigs: leaving these thus depending from the arm. the twigs 

 were soon Lathed in the hlood of the yoimg men. who thus attested 

 to the living their sympathy and condolence, while they sang the 

 tribal .Song to the Spirit. This song is one of joyful cadence rather 

 than niournfid. because it is a song of cheer to the departing spirit, 

 while their blood and tears manifest their sympathetic feeling for the 

 bereaved 



Jl'OLAXDACEAE 



JroLANs xioRA L. Black Walnut. 



lima (Dakota) : Teton dialect, gma ; also by the Teton Dakota 

 called ckw-mpa, black wood. 



T<laj/i' (Omaha-Ponca). Tda^e-hi, v.-n\nut tree. 



Chnlc (Winnebago). Chak-hu, walnut tree. 



Sahtaku (Pawnee). 



The nuts were used for food and a black dye was made from the 

 root. The black walnut (tdaye) is mentioned in the myth of " Ish- 

 tinike and the P^our Creators." ' For food the nuts were eaten plain 

 or served with honey, or made into soup. 



HiconiA ovATA (Mill.) Britton. Hickory Nut. 



ChW-fu (Dakota). ChW.m-ku, hickory tree. 



.W'si (Omahu-Ponca). No"si-hi, hickory tr&e. 



Pa^ja (Winnebago), nut. /'«"jIa-AM, nut tree. 



Sahpakskiisu (Pawnee), skull nut, from the resemblance of the 

 nut {.sukt, nut; pakskiku, skull). 



The nuts were used for food in the same way as walnuts. Sugar 

 was made from the sap as from Acer species, and also by boiling 

 hickory chips. 



Betulaceae 



CoRTLUs ajiericana Walt. Hazelnut. 



Uma (Dakota). Uma-hu, hazel bush. 



['"zhitu/a (Omaha-Ponca). U"zhinffa-hi, hazel bush. 



fluksik (Winnebago). 



The nuts were used for food as were other nuts, being eaten raw 

 with honey, or used as body for soup. 



' Dorscy, ^egUia Language, p. 556. 



