'^■^''°'"=1 TAXONOMIC LIST OF PLANTS 



75 



BETtTi.A PAPTRiFERA Miirsli. Paper or Canoe Rireli. 



Ta-pa (Dakota). Ta"pa-hu, birch tree. Teton dialect Cha-ha sa' 

 pale-bark {eha^-ha, bark; sa" pale). ' 



The bark, shredded fine, was bound in bundles for torches. It 

 was used also as material for vessels to catch the sap from the 

 trees in sugar-making time, and for various household utensils. 



Fagaceae 



QuERcus macrocari'a ;Michx. Bur Oak. 



Uskiiyecha-hu ( Dakota ) . 



Tashka-kl (Oniaha-Ponca). 



Chmhke-hu (Winnebago). 



Patki-natawawi (Pawnee) ; patk!, acorn; natawairi, bearing. 

 QuERCus RUBRA L. Red Oak. 



Ufa (Dakota). Uta-hu, oak tree. 



Buude-ki (Omaha-Ponca ) . 



Xahata-pahat (Pawnee), "red-tree" {nahata, tree; pahaf, red). 



Acorns, especially of Qwrrus rubra, were used for food. The 

 bitter and astringent properties were extracted by leaching with 

 wood ashes, preferably the ashes from basswood. The bark of the 

 root of any species of oak was scraped off and boiled and the de- 

 coction given for bowel trouble, especially in children. 



ULAfACEAE 



Ulmus AMERICANA L. White Elm, American Elm. 



Pe (Dakota), " the elm "; pe cha", " elm wood "; pe ikcheka, " the 

 common elm." 



Esho" 3ko" (Omaha-Ponca), "elm tree," generic name: ezko" zho" 

 ska, "white elm" {ska, white). 



Taitsako faka (Pawnee), " white elm " {tnitsako, elm : iaka. white). 



The wood was used for fuel : forked trees were used for the posts 

 in building the earth lodge: sections of elm logs were used to make 

 huge corn mortars, while the pestles were also made of this wood. 

 Smaller mortars and pestles of this wood were made for grinding 

 medicines and perfimies. All these uses applied also to the other 

 species of elm. 



Ulmus thoma.si Sarg. Rock Elm. 



Pe itazipa (Dakota), "bow elm" {itazipa, bow). 



Ezho" zho" zl (Omaha-Ponca), " yellow elm " (zl, yellow). 



This species and the preceding were both used for saddle trees. 

 It would seem from the Dakota name that it was formerly used for 

 making bows, but I have no direct information on that point. 



