log USES OF PLANTS BY INDIANS [eth. ann. 33 



Sinkjahi (Oiimha-Ponca). Contracted from ninl, pipe, and iyahi, 

 to mix; to mix | witli tobacco] for the pipe. 



Rxihi-shutsh (Winnebago). 



Rapahat (Pawnee), "red-stick" {ra, stick; paJmt, red). 



The outer bark was removed, after which the inner bark was 

 scraped and dried for smoking. It is fragrant, and all the tribes 

 were very fond of it. 

 CoRNDS STOLONiFERA lilichx. Eed Briish, Kinnikinnick. 



C'ha'-shasha-hi-'chake (Dakota), real cluf-s/iasha {hi"chaJ,-e, real, 

 very, indeed). 



Ninifjahi lite (Omaha-Ponca), real ninigahi. 



This species is preferred for smoking. Tt is said to be the best of 

 all. but the Indians describe and name another which was also u.sed, 

 but which I did not succeed in seeing or identifying. The Omaha 

 and Ponca call it n'migahi gthcshe, " spotted 7umgaki." 

 CoRNtJS ASPERiFOLiA Mlchx. Rough Dogwood. 



MaSa-Kte-hi (Omaha-Ponca), "real arrow tree" (fJiWsa, an-ow; 

 hte, real; hi, plant body). 



Jda'd-hotsh (Winnebago). 



Nakipistatu (Pawnee), " real arrow tree " {nahuapi, tree; Mpis, ar- 

 row; tatu, real). 



This was the favorite wood for arrow shafts. 



Ericaceae 



UvA-uRsi uvA-UESi (L.) Brittoii. Bearberry. 

 Nalcmis (Pawnee), "little tree," "short tree" (nakas, tree; kasis, 



short). 

 The leaves were used for smoking like tobacco. 



Oleaceae 



Fraxintts pennsy'lvanica Marsh. Ash. 



Pschti" (Dakota). 



Tajihndnga-ki (Omaha-Ponca ) . 



Rak (Winnebago). 



Kidltako (Pawnee). 



Ash wood was universally u.sed for making pipestems; it was 

 used also for making bows, and young .stems furnished arrow shafts. 

 The ash is one of the trees to which mystic powers are ascribed. 

 J. Owen Dorsey says: "The Omaha have two sacred trees, the ash 

 and the cedar. The ash is connected with the beneficent natural 



