GILMOEE] TAXOXOMIC LIST OF PLANTS 131 



HzLiA>sTHUs TUBEEOsrs L. Jerusalem Artichoke. I PI ;iu h ) 

 Pa-gi (Dakota). ^ ^-^^,0.) 



PwKe (Oniaha-Ponca). 



Pa"M (Winnebago). 



KUu-sit (Pawnee) : ki.m, tapering: sit. long. 



The people of all the Nebraska tribes sav thev never cultivated 

 this plant, though they used its tubers for food. The Pawnee sav 

 they ate them only raw, but the others, according to their own state- 

 ment, ate them either raw or boiled or roasted. 



Champlain reports seeing IltUanihus tuhero»m under cultivation 

 by Indians near Cape Cod in 1605 and again at Gloucester in 1606.» 

 Eatibida coLr^ixARis (Sims) D. Don. 



^ya}u■ha-zl chikala (Dakota), little u-aJicha-zi {chikala, little). 



An Oglala said the leaves and cylindrical heads of this plant were 

 used to make a beverage like tea. 



Echinacea AXGrsxrEOLiA DC. Xarrow-leaved Purple Cone Flower. 

 Comb Plant. (PI. 30, a.) 

 IchaTipe-hu (Dakota), ■' whip plant " {ichaKpe, whip). 

 Mika-M COmaha-Ponca), " comb plant " {rmka, comb) : also called 

 (ki/jaJim. to comb: also called i^shtogalite-Jii. referring to its use 

 for an eye-wash ({"shta, eye). 

 Ksapitahako (Pawnee), from iksa. hand: pit-ahnko, to whirl. The 

 name refers to its use by children in play when they take two 

 stalks of it and whirl one round the other, the two stalks touch- 

 ing by the two heads. Also called >'<aparidu kaht-'<. mushroom 

 medicine, so called from the form of the head, compared to a 

 mushroom ( saparidu ) . 

 This plant yras universally used as an antidote for snake bite and 

 other venomous bites ami stings and poisonous contlitions. Echi- 

 nacea seems to have been used as a remedy for more ailments than 

 any other plant. It was employed in the smoke treatment for head- 

 ache in persons and distemper in horses. It was used also as a 

 remedy for toothache, a piece being kept on the painful tooth until 

 there was relief, and for enlarged glands, as in mumps. It was 

 said that jugglers bathed their hands ami arms in the juice of this 

 plant so that they could take out a piece of meat from a boiling kettle 

 with the bare hand without suffering pain, to the wonderment of 

 onlookers. A Winnebago said he had often used the plant to make 

 his mouth insensible to heat, so that for show he could take a live 

 coal into his month. Bums were bathed with the juice to give relief 

 from the pain, and the plant was used in the steam bath to render 

 the great heat endurable. 



1 Champlain's Voyages, pp. S2, 112. 



