370 A MANUAL OF VETERINARY PHYSIOLOGY 



Oxen require from five to six, and sheep from three to four, 

 times as long to add a given proportion to the weight of their 

 bodies as pigs. 



The greater part of the nitrogenous and mineral matter of the 

 food is recovered from the urine and faeces, and the greater part 

 of the non-nitrogenous matter is lost by respiration and other 

 exhalations, a much smaller proportion being retained in the 

 increase or voided in the excreta. 



For a given amount of increase in weight produced, oxen 

 excrete considerably more substance and expend more in respira- 

 tion, etc., than sheep, and sheep very much more than pigs : 



For ioo parts increase in weight, the ox excretes 404*4 parts 

 in urine and fasces, and 636 parts by respiration. 



For 100 parts increase in weight, the sheep excretes 291 parts in 

 urine and fasces, and 548*5 parts by respiration. 



For 100 parts increase in weight, the pig excretes 70 parts in 

 urine and faeces, and 65*7 parts by respiration. 



For a given weight of dry substance consumed, oxen void 

 more as excreta than sheep, and sheep more than pigs, but oxen 

 respire less than sheep, and sheep rather less than pigs : 



Of 100 parts of dry substance, the ox excretes by bowels and 



kidneys 36' 5, and by respiration 57*3. 

 Of 100 parts of dry substance of food, the sheep excretes by 



bowels and kidneys 31*9, and by respiration 6o*i. 

 Of 100 parts of dry substance of food, the pig excretes by bowels 



and kidneys 16*7, and by respiration 65*7. 



In proportion to a given weight of animal within a given time, 

 oxen both consume and respire less dry substance of food than 

 sheep, and sheep very much less than pigs, but each class of 

 animal voids almost identical amounts of dry substance in the 

 excreta : 



For 100 parts live weight per week, the ox consumes 12*5 parts 



dry substance of food, excretes by bowels and kidneys, 4*56 



parts, and by respiration 7*16 parts. 

 For 100 parts live weight per week, the sheep consumes 16*0 



parts dry substance of food, excretes by bowels and kidneys, 



5- 10 parts, and by respiration 9*62 parts. 

 For 100 parts live weight per week, the pig consumes 27 parts 



dry substance of food, excretes by bowels and kidneys, 4*50 



parts, and by respiration 17*74 parts. 



The following were the amounts of food required by different 

 classes of animals to produce a given increase in live weight : 



Oxen : 250 parts oil-cake will produce 100 parts increase in 

 weight ; 600 parts clover chaff will produce 100 parts 

 increase in weight ; 3,500 parts swedes will produce 100 

 parts increase in weight. 



