30*2 FEACTUKES. 



Hip, point of the. — See page 308. 

 Ischium, Tuberosity of the. — See page 309. 



Jaw. 



The lower jaw is sometimes clupped by the injudicious use of 

 severe bits and tight curb-chains. Usually, the injury is not de- 

 tected at the time of infliction. There is sw^elling, pain, and diffi- 

 culty in feeding. The wound in the gum is generally marked by 

 a round, red eminence. The splintered portion of bone may be 

 felt with the probe, in which case, much time will be saved by 

 removing it with a bone forceps. Any diseased portions of bone 

 should be scraped off and an antiseptic (p. 67) aj^plied several times 

 a day. One or both branches of the lower jaw may be broken ; the 

 usual seat of the fracture being the " chin-groove " (in which the 

 curb chain should rest, when a curb or Pelham is used). When the 

 lower jaw has been broken right across, it will require a special 

 form of sjilint, which can be obtained from a veterinary instru- 

 ment maker. The general princijDles of treatment for fractures 

 (p. 297) should be observed; the animal fed on soft food; and 

 the part kept at rest. 



Leg. — See " Cannon Bone," page 301 ; '' Pastern bones," page 

 302 ; " Femur," page 301 ; and " Tibia," page 314. 



Navicular Bone. 



It is probable that this fracture occurs only in cases of navicular 

 disease (p. 206). The symptoms are those of " dropjoed elbow " 

 (p. 313), and heat of the affected j^art, with absence of crepitus 

 (p. 297) about the shoulder. Treatment is of no avail. 



Pastern Bones. 



This accident (split-pastern) affects the long pastern bone far 

 more frequently than the short one, and generally occurs from the 

 violent concussion of fast galloping, which is sometimes aided by 

 a diseased and brittle condition of the bone. Horses which are 

 galloped, particularly on hard ground, after a long rest, are very 

 liable to this accident, which I have seen occur on several occasions 

 to horses in India that had broken loose after having been re- 

 cently landed from a ship in which they had been imported, and in 

 w^hich they had been obliged to stand for a month or longer. Their 

 enforced idleness had no doubt aft'ected the strength of their bones, 

 and in the unwonted exercise they had naturally lost to some extent 

 their accustomed skill in saving their limbs from the ill effects of 



