344 DISEASES OF THE EYES. 



pected eye, in which, if it be healthy, three vertical reflections of 

 the candle will be seen, namely, one on the cornea, a second on 

 the front of the crystalline lens, and a third, turned upside down, 

 on the back of the lens. The inverted position of the last-named 

 image is due to the fact that the rays of light become refracted on 

 13assing through the lens. If the candle be moved from right 

 to left, the first and second images will move in the same way, 

 while the third will go from left to right ; and vice versa. When 

 the cataract is complete, it will naturally prevent the formation 

 of the third image. Old cataracts have a pearly white appearance. 

 Newly formed ones are bluish in colour. 



The operation for cataract, namely, the removal of the more or 

 less opaque lens from the eye, would probably give good results in 

 the horse ; for men and dogs which have been operated upon, gene- 

 rally recover their sight sufficiently for all ordinary purposes of 

 locomotion in the open, even without the aid of glasses. One of 

 the best methods of operating for cataract consists in (1) applying 

 a 10 per cent, solution of the hydrochlorate of cocaine to the cornea 

 to deaden pain and dilate the pupil ; (2) making an incision through 

 the upper portion ol the cornea j (3) pressing the lower p'art of the 

 eyeball with the fingers, -so as to displace the lens, and force it 

 out through the pupil and towards the ojDening in the cornea ; (5) 

 removal of the lens through the incision ; and (6) dressing the part. 

 The operation should be performed under as perfect antiseptic 

 precautions (p. 70) as possible, and, in all cases, by a skilful veter- 

 inary surgeon. 



Cataract is, of course, an unsoundness (Higgs v. Thrale, 18th 

 Feb., 1850). 



Turning-in of the Eyelashes. 



This irritating action on the part of the eyelashes often causes 

 inflammation of the eyes, and can be best removed by snipping 

 off the offending hairs with a scissors. The eyes can be bathed 

 wit]i warm water, in which a little salt (a teaspoonful to a pint of 

 water) has been dissolved. As long as the irritation lasts, the 

 eyes should be protected from light. 



Worm in the Eye 



is caused by the presence of a thread-like worm in the aqueous 

 hum.our of the horse's eye. According to the observations made 

 at Karnal and Saharanpur by Dr. Lingard, this parasite averages 

 about an inch in length, the female being slightly longer than 

 the male. Dr. Lingard agrees with Neumann in considering that 



