SOKE THROAT. 367 



open air, the rider should dismount, slacken the girths, take the 

 horse under some shelter, turn him head to wind, cover him 

 over with any clothing proem-able, give him a quarter of a pint 

 of spirits (such as whisky or brandy) in a pint of water, supply him 

 with water to drink, and nib him briskly over, so as to draw the 

 blood to the surface of his body and away from his lungs. The 

 spirits and water may be repeated after a quarter of an hour or 

 twenty minutes. Two ounces of sweet spirits of nitre, or an ouncij 

 of tincture of arnica, may be used instead of the whisky or brandy. 

 If possible, place the legs in warm water, and use warm fomenta- 

 tions to the sides. If the nature of the pulse indicates high 

 arterial pressure (p. 356), we may bleed. Before deciding on 

 bleeding, we should however remember that to be efficacious, it 

 must be performed early, and that it is safest to employ it only 

 in those cases of congestion of the lungs which are brought on by 

 violent exertion. 



In cases of indirect congestion of the lungs, blister as directed on 

 p. 359, and use other means of relief as the symptoms may indi- 

 cate. The same may be said of cases arising from causes uncon- 

 nected with exertion. 



During convalescence give laxative food, with ^ oz. of nitre 

 mixed in it daily for about a week. 



Alcohol in small and repeated doses tends to relieve congestion 

 of the lungs by quickening the general circulation, and also by 

 stimulating the action of the skin. In large doses, it is extremely 

 hurtful in this disease ; as it would then diminish the number of 

 pulsations of the heart, as well as the rate of breathing. Despite 

 the disrepute into which arnica has fallen, I am inclined to think 

 that when given internally, it is useful in stimulating the horse's 

 skin to act. 



Sore Throat {Inflammation of the Larynx and Pharynx). 



Sore throat usually consists in inflammation of the mucous 

 membrane which lines the larynx and phaiynx. When the disease 

 is confined to the former part, it is characterised by difficulty in 

 breathing ; when to the latter, by difficulty in swallowing. As 

 simple inflammation of the pharynx (pharyngitis) is, as a rule, a 

 mild disease which does not require any special treatment, the 

 following remarks are made particularly with reference to the 

 far graver one of laryngitis. 



SYMPTOMS. — The discharge of phlegm from the mucous mem- 

 brane of the larynx, as well as the inflamed condition of the part, 

 more or less closes up that passage, and occasions distress in 



